Communication: Principles for a Lifetime » (4th Edition)

Communication helps readers see the relationships among the concepts, skills, theories, and contexts of communication by anchoring the content around five fundamental communication principles.

Written by experienced and highly regarded authors and teachers, Communication: Principles for a Lifetime provides readers with theory and skills in a manner that helps them apply what they’ve learned throughout their lives. Understanding that the challenge in communication is learning the myriad of skills, principles, and theories without being overwhelmed, Beebe, Beebe, and Ivy emphasize five key principles of communication throughout their book:

· Be aware of your communication with yourself and others.

· Effectively use and interpret verbal messages.

· Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages.

· Listen and respond thoughtfully to others.

· Appropriately adapt messages to others.

Providing both comprehensive and cutting-edge content about communication organized around these five themes, Beebe, Beebe, and Ivy cover all of the topics expected in a manner that will help readers organize the range of material.

Booknews

The first unit, introducing essential principles of communication, addresses the foundations of human communication, self-awareness, understanding verbal and nonverbal messages, listening and responding, and adapting to others. The three succeeding units address practical and theoretical aspects of interpersonal communication, communicating in groups and teams, and public speaking. Appendices cover interviewing, technology, and sample speeches for discussion. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Preface     vii
Introduction: Communication Principles for a Lifetime     xxi
Developing Your Presentation     1
An Overview of the Presentational Speaking Process     3
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Consider Your Audience     5
Understanding Speaker Anxiety     5
Managing Speaker Anxiety     6
Know How to Develop a Presentation     7
Be Prepared     7
Focus on Your Audience     7
Focus on Your Message     8
Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk     8
Use Deep-Breathing Techniques     8
Take Advantage of Opportunities to Speak     9
Seek Professional Help     9
Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic     10
Who Is the Audience?     10
What Is the Occasion?     11
What Are My Interests and Experiences?     11
Silent Brainstorming     11
On the Web     11
Scanning Web Directories and Web Pages     12
Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas     12
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Select and Narrow Your Topic     13
Identifying Your Purpose     14
General Purpose     14
Specific Purpose     15
Developing Your Central Idea     16
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Determine Your Purpose     17
Audience-Centered     18
A Single Topic     18
A Complete Declarative Sentence     18
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Develop Your Central Idea     19
Direct, Specific Language     19
Generating Main Ideas     19
Does the Central Idea Have Logical Divisions?     20
Can You Think of Several Reasons the Central Idea Is True?     20
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Determine Your Main Ideas     21
Can You Support the Central Idea with a Series of Steps or a Chronological Sequence?     21
Gathering Supporting Material     22
Sources of Supporting Material     22
Technology and Communication: A New Kind of Search Engine     23
Ethics and Communication: The Question of Speechwriting     28
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Gather Supporting Material     29
Types of Supporting Material     30
Acknowledgment of Supporting Material     35
Diversity and Communication: Adapting to Diverse Audiences     36
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     38
Summary     39
Discussion and Review     40
Putting Principles into Practice     41
Chapter 4.1 Practice Test     42
Organizing and Outlining Your Presentation     45
Organizing Your Main Ideas     46
Organizing Ideas Chronologically     47
Organizing Ideas Topically     48
Organizing Ideas Spatially     48
Organizing Ideas to Show Cause and Effect     49
Organizing Ideas by Problem and Solution     49
Organizing Your Supporting Material     50
Diversity and Communication: Acknowledging Cultural Differences in Organizing Messages     51
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Organize Your Speech     52
Organizing Your Presentation for the Ears of Others     53
Previews     53
Ethics and Communication: The Ethics of Primacy and Recency     53
Verbal and Nonverbal Transitions     54
Summaries     55
Introducing and Concluding Your Presentation     55
Introductions     56
On the Web     58
Conclusions     58
Outlining Your Presentation     60
Preparation Outline     60
Technology and Communication: Using Outlining Software     60
Sample Preparation Outline     62
Delivery Outline     65
Sample Delivery Outline     66
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     69
Summary     70
Discussion and Review     70
Putting Principles into Practice     71
Chapter 4.2 Practice Test     72
Delivering Your Presentation     75
Methods of Delivery     76
Manuscript Speaking     77
Memorized Speaking     78
Impromptu Speaking     78
Extemporaneous Speaking     79
Effective Verbal Delivery     80
Using Words Well     80
Crafting Memorable Word Structures     82
Effective Nonverbal Delivery     85
Eye Contact     86
Physical Delivery     87
Diversity and Communication: The Academic Quarter     89
Facial Expression     89
On the Web     89
Vocal Delivery     90
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Rehearse Your Presentation     91
Technology and Communication: Rehearsing on Videotape      92
Appearance     93
Effective Presentation Aids     94
Types of Presentation Aids     94
Computer-Generated Presentation Aids     99
Guidelines for Preparing Presentation Aids     100
Ethics and Communication: Profanity in an Audio Presentation Aid     101
Guidelines for Using Presentation Aids     102
Some Final Tips for Rehearsing and Delivering Your Presentation     103
Developing Your Presentation Step by Step: Deliver Your Presentation     105
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     106
Summary     107
Discussion and Review     108
Putting Principles into Practice     109
Chapter 4.3 Practice Test     110
Speaking to Inform     113
Types of Informative Presentations     114
Ethics and Communication: Confidential or Potentially Dangerous Information     115
Presentations about Objects     115
Presentations about Procedures     115
Presentations about People     116
Presentations about Events     117
Presentations about Ideas     118
Strategies for Organizing Your Informative Presentation     118
Organizing Presentations about Objects     118
Organizing Presentations about Procedures     119
Organizing Presentations about People     119
Organizing Presentations about Events     120
Organizing Presentations about Ideas     120
Strategies for Making Your Informative Presentation Clear     121
Simplify Ideas     122
Pace Your Information Flow     122
Relate New Information to Old     122
Diversity and Communication: Using an Interpreter     123
Strategies for Making Your Informative Presentation Interesting     123
Relate to Your Listeners' Interests     124
Use Attention-Catching Supporting Material     124
Establish a Motive for Your Audience to Listen to You     125
On the Web     125
Use Word Pictures     126
Technology and Communication: Using an Electronic Thesaurus     127
Create Interesting Presentation Aids     128
Use Humor     128
Strategies for Making Your Informative Presentation Memorable     129
Build In Redundancy     129
Use Adult Learning Principles     130
Reinforce Key Ideas Verbally     130
Reinforce Key Ideas Nonverbally      130
Sample Informative Presentation: The Power of Music     131
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     133
Summary     134
Discussion and Review     135
Putting Principles into Practice     135
Chapter 4.4 Practice Test     136
Speaking to Persuade     139
Persuasion Defined     140
Ethics and Communication: Hidden Agendas     141
Motivating Your Audience: The Psychology of Persuasion     142
Motivating with Dissonance     142
Motivating with Needs     144
Motivating with Fear Appeals     145
Motivating with Positive Appeals     146
Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Topic     146
Identifying Your Persuasive Purpose     147
Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive Proposition     148
Propositions of Fact     149
Propositions of Value     149
Propositions of Policy     150
Supporting Your Presentation with Credibility, Logic, and Emotion     151
Ethos: Establishing Your Credibility     151
Diversity and Communication: "Elementary Reasoning, My Dear Watson"     153
Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning      154
On the Web     157
Pathos: Using Emotion     158
Organizing Your Persuasive Message     159
Problem and Solution     159
Cause and Effect     160
Refutation     161
The Motivated Sequence     161
Technology and Communication: The Motivated Sequence in Television Advertising     165
How to Adapt Ideas to People and People to Ideas     165
The Receptive Audience     165
The Neutral Audience     166
The Unreceptive Audience     167
Sample Persuasive Presentation: Cruisin' Out of Control     168
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     171
Summary     173
Discussion and Review     174
Putting Principles into Practice     175
Chapter 4.5 Practice Test     176
Technology and Presentational Communication     179
Source Material for Presentations     179
Technological Innovations and Presentation Aids     180
Technology and Enhanced Speech Delivery     181
Principles for a Lifetime: Enhancing Your Skills     182
Summary     182
Sample Speeches for Discussion and Evaluation      183
Informative Speech     183
Persuasive Speech     192
Notes     195
Photo Credits     201
Answers to Practice Tests     203
Key to the MyCommunicationLab Media Assets     205
Index     209