Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties »

Carotenoids are of great interest due to their essential biological functions in both plants and animals. However, the properties and functions of carotenoids in natural systems are surprisingly complex. With an emphasis on the chemical aspects of these compounds, Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties presents a broad overview and recent developments with respect to understanding carotenoid structure, electronic and photochemical properties, and the use of novel analytical methods in the detection and characterization of carotenoids and their actions. The text also explores LC/MS and LC/MS/MS techniques as well as new applications of PCR and molecular biology methodologies.

Foreword ix

Editor xi

Contributors xiii

Part I The Structural Properties, Characteristics, and Interactions of Carotenoids

Chapter 1 The Orange Carotenoid Protein of Cyanobacteria Cheryl A. Kerfeld Maxime Alexandre Diana Kirilovsky 3

Chapter 2 Carotenoids in Lipid Membranes Wieslaw I. Gruszecki 19

Chapter 3 Hydrophilic Carotenoids: Carotenoid Aggregates Hans-Richard Sliwka Vassilia Partali Samuel F. Lockwood 31

Part II Analytical Methodologies for the Measurement of Carotenoids

Chapter 4 The Use of NMR Detection of LC in Carotenoid Analysis Karsten Holtinc Klaus Albert 61

Chapter 5 Quantitative Methods for the Determination of Carotenoids in the Retina Richard A. Bone Wolfgang Schalch John T. Landrum 75

Chapter 6 Application of Resonance Raman Spectroscopy to the Detection of Carotenoids In Vivo Igor V. Ermakov Mohsen Sharifzadeh Paul S. Bernstein Werner Gellermann 87

Part III Applications of Spectroscopic Methodologies to Carotenoid Systems

Chapter 7 Identification of Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Proteins: Xanthophylls of the Light Harvesting Antenna Alexander V. Ruban 113

Chapter 8 Effects of Self-Assembled Aggregation on Excited States Tomá Polívka 137

Chapter 9 Applications of EPR Spectroscopy to Understanding Carotenoid Radicals Lowell D. Kispert Ligia Focsan Tatyana Konovalova 159

Chapter 10 EPR Spin Labeling in Carotenoid-Membrane Interactions Witold K. Subczynski Justyna Widomska 189

Part IV Chemical Breakdown of Carotenoids In Vitro and In Vivo

Chapter 11 Formation of Carotenoid Oxygenated Cleavage Products Catherine Caris-Veyrat 215

Chapter 12 Thermal and Photochemical Degradation of Carotenoids Claudio D.Borsarelli Adriana Z. Mercadante 229

Part V Antioxidant and Photoprotection Functions and Reactions Involving Singlet Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species

Chapter 13 The Functional Role of Xanthophylls in the Primate Retina Wolfgang Schalch Richard A. Bone John T. Landrum 257

Chapter 14 Properties of Carotenoid Radicals and Excited States and Their Potential Role in Biological Systems Ruth Edge George Truscott 283

Chapter 15 Carotenoid Uptake and Protection in Cultured RPE Ma&lslash;gorzata Ró&zadot;anowska Bartosz Ró&azdot;anowski 309

Chapter 16 The Carotenoids of Macular Pigment and Bisretinoid Lipofuscin Precursors in Photoreceptor Outer Segments Janet R. Sparrow So Ra Kim 355

Part VI Cell Culture Methods Applied to Understanding Carotenoid Recognition and Action

Chapter 17 Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption of Carotenoids: Insights from In Vitro Systems Earl H. Harrison 367

Chapter 18 Competition Effects on Carotenoid Absorption by Caco-2 Cells Emmanuelle Reboul Patrick Borel 381

Part VII The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Carotene Oxidases, Cell Regulation, and Cancer

Chapter 19 Diverse Activities of Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases Erin K. Marasco Claudia Schmidt-Dannert 389

Chapter 20 Oxidative Metabolites of Lycopene and Their Biological Functions Jonathan R. Mein Xiang-Dong Wang 417

Chapter 21 Lycopene Oxidation, Uptake, and Activity in Human Prostate Cell Cultures Phyllis E. Bowen 437

Chapter 22 Carotenoids as Modulators of Molecular Pathways Involved in Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Paola Palozza Assunta Catalano Rossella Simone 465

Part VIII Carotenoids and Carotenoid Biochemistry in Animal Systems

Chapter 23 Control and Function of Carotenoid Coloration in Birds: Selected Case Studies Kevin J. McGraw Jonathan D. Blount 487

Chapter 24 Transport of Carotenoids by a Carotenoid-Binding Protein in the Silkworm Takashi Sakudoh Kozo Tsuchida 511

Chapter 25 Specific Accumulation of Lutein within the Epidermis of Butterfly Larvae John T. Landrum Derick Callejas Francesca Alvarez-Calderon 525

Index 537