XIV--Citizenship For All »

The Constitutional Amendments: Beyond the Bill of Rights series provides in-depth coverage of key amendments ratified since 1791. Using both historical and contemporary primary and secondary sources-including landmark Supreme Court rulings-each volume first presents the historical background of the featured amendment, followed by an examination of how the court system has tested the validity and application of the amendment. The final chapter of each volume looks at contemporary controversies and debates surrounding the amendment and its impact on our everyday lives. All volumes in the series include an annotated table of contents; a chronology; the original text of the amendment along with a straightforward explanation of its key points; an annotated list of relevant court cases; a bibliography; and a subject index. For students and other researchers, Constitutional Amendments: Beyond the Bill of Rights illuminates the amendments and their integral, ongoing impact on American rights and responsibilities.

Foreword 11

Amendment Text and Explanation 14

Introduction 18

Chronology 26

Chapter 1 Historical Background on the Fourteenth Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment Confirms That African Americans Are Indeed U.S. Citizens Akhil Reed Amar 32

The Fourteenth Amendment Emerged Out of an Earlier Civil Rights Act Kenneth L. Karst 41

It Is Absurd to Consider Former Slaves Anything Other than Full Citizens James F. Wilson 49

The Fourteenth Amendment Would Establish Federal Despotism over the Individual States A.J. Rogers 55

Reconstruction Inspired Political Debate and Public Violence Eric Foner 60

The Fourteenth Amendment Will Help America Fulfill Its Promise Thaddeus Stevens 70

America Committed Itself to Citizenship for People of All Ethnicities Earl Warren 76

Chapter 2 Testing the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause

The Fourteenth Amendment Ensures Citizenship to All People Born on U.S. Soil Horace Gray 84

The Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause Is Contrary to Legal Tradition and Sets a Dangerous Precedent Melville Fuller 93

A Naturalized U.S. Citizen Cannot Have His or Her Citizenship Taken Away Without Consent Hugo Black 98

The Fourteenth Amendment Does Not Guarantee Citizenship in All Circumstances John Marshall Harlan 107

Individual States Cannot Deny Public Education to the Children of Undocumented Immigrants William Brennan 114

Chapter 3 Citizenship Controversies in Contemporary America

The Fourteenth Amendment's Guarantee of Birthright Citizenship Should Be Changed Ron Paul 125

Current Debates over Citizenship for Immigrants Recall Arguments from Earlier Times Garrett Epps 129

Illegal Immigrants Abuse the Fourteenth Amendment by HavingBabies in the United States Dmitri Vasillaros 135

Recent Immigrants and Their Babies Are No Threat Priscilla Huang 139

The Fourteenth Amendment Allows for Dual Citizenship and Divided Loyalties Allan Wall 143

Despite an Increase in Dual Citizenship, Most Immigrants Are Loyal to the United States Michael Barone 148

Appendices 154

A The Amendments to the U.S. Constitution 156

B Court Cases Relevant to the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause

For Further Research 159

Index 162