Writing Academic English » (4th Edition)

Now in its fourth edition, Writing Academic English, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue, is the essential writing text to prepare high-intermediate and advanced college or college-bound English language learners for academic success.

Features

• A step-by-step approach guides students through the process of writing paragraphs and essays.
• Clear models and varied practice help students to develop confidence and a mature writing style.
• Examples with academic content prime students for college work.
• Appendices offer easy reference for key writing, grammar, and research information.

New to the Fourth Edition

• A chapter dedicated to each pattern of essay organization
• A chapter on argumentation and using material from outside sources
• Thought-provoking readings from authentic sources
• An expanded chapter on summary and paraphrase
• Instruction in the basics of research and documentation

The Longman Academic Writing Series also includes:

• Level 1 Fundamentals of Academic Writing

• Level 2 First Steps in Academic Writing, Second Edition

• Level 3 Introduction to Academic Writing, Third Edition

Preface     ix
Acknowledgments     xi
Writing a Paragraph     1
Paragraph Structure     2
The Three Parts of a Paragraph     3
The Topic Sentence     4
Position of Topic Sentences     5
The Two Parts of a Topic Sentence     9
Supporting Sentences     11
The Concluding Sentence     13
Review     16
Writing Practice     16
Unity and Coherence     18
Unity     18
Coherence     21
Repetition of Key Nouns     22
Key Noun Substitutes     23
Consistent Pronouns     24
Transition Signals     25
Logical Order     34
Review     36
Writing Practice     37
Supporting Details: Facts, Quotations, and Statistics     39
Facts versus Opinions     39
Using Outside Sources     41
Plagiarism     41
Citing Sources     42
Quotations     42
Direct Quotations     42
Reporting Verbs and Phrases     43
Punctuating Direct Quotations     45
IndirectQuotations     47
Writing Practice     49
Statistics     51
Writing Practice     53
Review     54
Writing an Essay     55
From Paragraph to Essay     56
The Three Parts of an Essay     56
The Introductory Paragraph     59
Funnel Introduction     60
Attention-Getting Introduction     61
Thesis Statement     63
Body Paragraphs     64
Logical Division of Ideas     64
Thesis Statements for Logical Division of Ideas     65
Thesis Statement Pitfalls     67
Transition Signals between Paragraphs     69
The Concluding Paragraph     72
Essay Outlining     75
Review     77
Writing Practice     78
Applying What You Have Learned     78
Reading     79
Questions     80
Suggestions for Discussion or Writing     80
Chronological Order: Process Essays     81
Thesis Statements for a Process Essay     84
Transition Signals for Chronological Order     86
Review     88
Writing Practice      89
Applying What You Have Learned     89=970 14$lReading 1     89
Questions     90
Suggestions for Discussion or Writing     91=970 14$lReading 2     92
Questions     92
Suggestions for Discussion or Writing     93
Cause/Effect Essays     94
Organization for Cause/Effect Order     95
Block Organization     95
Chain Organization     98
Cause/Effect Signal Words and Phrases     101
Cause Signal Words     101
Effect Signal Words     102
Review     105
Writing Practice     105
Applying What You Have Learned     106
Reading     107
Questions     108
Suggestions for Discussion or Writing     110
Comparison/Contrast Essays     111
Organization of Comparison/Contrast Essays     113
Point-by-Point Organization     113
Block Organization     114
Comparison and Contrast Signal Words     116
Comparison Signal Words     116
Contrast Signal Words     119
Review     122
Writing Practice     123
Applying What You Have Learned     124
Reading     124
Questions     126
Suggestions for Discussion or Writing     126
Paraphrase and Summary     127
Paraphrasing     127
Plagiarism     128
Using Paraphrases as Support     135
Summarizing     136
Review     141
Argumentative Essays     142
Organization of Argumentative Essays     143
The Introductory Paragraph     147
Thesis Statement     147
Review     150
Writing Practice     150
Applying What You Have Learned     151
Topic 1, Reading 1     151
Questions     153
Topic 1, Reading 2     154
Questions     155
Topic 2, Reading 1     156
Questions     157
Topic 2, Reading 2     158
Questions     160
Sentence Structure     161
Types of Sentences     162
Clauses     162
Independent Clauses     163
Dependent Clauses     163
Kinds of Sentences     164
Simple Sentences     164
Compound Sentences      165
Complex Sentences     172
Compound-Complex Sentences     174
Sentence Types and Writing Style     175
Review     177
Using Parallel Structures and Fixing Sentence Problems     179
Parallelism     179
Parallelism with Coordinators: And, Or, But     180
Parallelism with Correlative (Paired) Conjunctions     181
Sentence Problems     183
Sentence Fragments     183
Choppy Sentences     185
Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices     188
Stringy Sentences     190
Review     191
Editing Practice     193
Noun Clauses     194
That Clauses     195
Sentences Beginning with It     196
Special Verb Tenses in That Clauses     198
If/Whether Clauses     201
Question Clauses     204
Review     206
Editing Practice     207
Writing Practice     208
Adverb Clauses     210
Kinds of Adverb Clauses     211
Punctuation of Adverb Clauses     211
Time Clauses     211
Place Clauses     213
Distance, Frequency, and Manner Clauses     214
Reason Clauses     216
Result Clauses     218
Purpose Clauses     220
Contrast Clauses     222
Direct Opposition Clauses     222
Concession (Unexpected Result) Clauses     223
Conditional Clauses     225
Review     227
Editing Practice     228
Writing Practice     229
Adjective Clauses     230
Relative Pronouns and Adverbs     231
Position of Adjective Clauses     231
Verb Agreement in Adjective Clauses     232
Kinds of Adjective Clauses     234
Relative Pronouns as Subjects     234
Relative Pronouns as Objects     236
Possessive Adjective Clauses     238
Relative Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions     240
Relative Pronouns in Phrases of Quantity and Quality     243
Adjective Clauses of Time and Place     244
Review     247
Editing Practice     248
Writing Practice     249
Participial Phrases     250
Participles     250
Participial Phrases     251
Reduced Adjective Clauses      252
Position and Punctuation of Participial Phrases     252
General Form -ing Participial Phrases     253
General Form -ed Participial Phrases     254
Perfect Form Participial Phrases     255
Participial Phrases and Writing Style     257
Reduced Adverb Clauses     258
Review     261
Editing Practice     263
Writing Practice     263
The Process of Academic Writing     265
Creating (Prewriting)     265
Planning (Outlining)     271
Writing     272
Polishing     273
Editing Practice     277
Punctuation Rules     280
Commas     280
Semicolons     283
Colons     285
Quotation Marks     288
Editing Practice     289
Charts of Connecting Words and Transition Signals     291
Coordinating Words     291
Subordinating Words     292
Conjunctive Adverbs     295
Transition Signals     297
Editing Symbols     300
Research and Documentation of Sources     303
Types of Sources     303
Evaluating Sources     304
Documentation of Sources     306
In-Text Citations     306
Works-Cited Lists     308
Self-Editing and Peer-Editing Worksheets     313
Scoring Rubrics     315
Index     331
Credits     337