Authors: David Willoughby
ISBN-13: 9780077342616, ISBN-10: 0077342615
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The
Date Published: October 2009
Edition: 7th Edition
David Willoughby is a graduate of Lebanon Valley College (Pennsylvania), Miami University (Ohio), and the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester (New York). He is Professor Emeritus of Music at Eastern New Mexico University (ENMU), where he taught for 20 years while serving as dean of the School of Music and then of the College of Fine Arts. Following his retirement in 1993, Willoughby moved to Pennsylvania and became head of the Music Department at Susquehanna University.
Willoughby has long been active in the College Music Society (CMS), a national organization of music teachers in higher education. His leadership roles with CMS have included board member for Music in General Studies (MGS), director of the 1981 Wingspread Conference for Music in General Studies and of four subsequent
MGS summer teacher institutes, President (1987 and 1988), and Editor of the CMS Newsletter (1997-2006).
Throughout his career, Willoughby has played bass in symphony orchestras in Pennsylvania and New Mexico, as well as jazz bass with a wide variety of groups.
During his years at ENMU, he hosted a weekly music and talk radio program that explored music and musicians from diverse periods, styles, and cultures. Those one-hour programs, presented on public radio in New Mexico, created a foundation that expanded Willoughby’s world of music and established the philosophy for his music appreciation textbook, The World of Music, first published in 1990.
David Willoughby and his wife, Barbara English Maris, live in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, with Taffy, their very special maltese/poodle.
The World of Music is a music appreciation book designed for instructors who want to focus on listening to music as it exists in the real world of their students. Expanding the traditional repertoire used for music study, this popular text begins with American folk, religious, jazz, popular, and ethnic music before introducing some world music and concluding with a thorough overview of Western classical music. The approach captures the essence of each repertoire, and equips students to recognize different styles, appreciate their different functions, and possess a solid foundation for a lifetime of musical appreciation.
A new edition of the survey text instructing students in the infinite variety of music using a global perspective. Willoughby (Susquehanna U.) develops listening skills and music appreciation by studying folk, jazz, world music, and the classics up to John Cage. It's a user friendly approach supplying some technical terms but emphasizing description, identification, and relational concepts. The appendices note composers, acoustics, instrument listings according to tone, and describe Western notation. The music referred to by the text must be purchased separately. A two-CD or cassette set with 50 examples or a five-CD set with 104 examples are reportedly available. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
About the Authors xvii
Part 1 Preparation for Listening 2
Chapter 1 Introducing the World of Music 4
The Infinite Variety of Music: A Global Perspective 6
The American Mainstream and Ethnic Diversity 6
Music in Culture 8
Music Labels: Help or Hindrance? 10
Artists and Artistry 11
The Business of Music 12
Manufacturing and Merchandising 13
Performance of Music 13
Music Publishing and Copyright Laws 14
Music in Advertising 15
Music in the Community 15
Summary 16
Chapter 2 The Nature of Music: Vocabulary for Listening and Understanding 18
Definitions of Music 20
Music as a Science 20
Expressive and Functional Qualities of Music 21
Music Is Sound and Silence 21
Music Moves through Time 21
Music Is an Art 21
Music Is Universal 22
Music Is a Means of Expression 22
Music Can Be Functional 22
Music Is a Changing Art 23
The Creative, Performing, and Listening Experiences 23
Participating in Active Listening 25
The Elements of Music 26
Melody 27
Harmony 28
Rhythm 28
Loudness 29
Tone Quality 29
Interaction of the Elements 30
To Create a Style: Musical Concepts 30
Texture 31
Genres and Forms 31
Melodic Growth and Character 32
Goals for Listening 32
Summary 39
Part 2 Listening to American Music: Folk, Religious, Jazz, and Pop 40
Chapter 3 Folk Music Traditions 42
Goals for Listening 44
The Roots of Traditional Folk Music 44
Types of Folk Music 46
The Blues 48
Folk Music: An Expanded View 50
The Urban Folk Revival 52
Urban Blues 53
Summary 55
Chapter 4 Religious Music Traditions 56
Goals for Listening 58
The Roots of American ProtestantMusic 58
Psalm Singing and Psalters 58
Lining Out, Singing Schools, and the Shape-Note System 58
Traditional Black Gospel Music 62
White Gospel Music: Revival and Evangelical Hymns 66
Popular Contemporary Styles 68
Summary 70
Chapter 5 Jazz Styles 72
Goals for Listening 74
What Is Jazz? 75
The Jazz Style 76
The Feel of Swing 76
Instruments 77
Improvisation 77
The Roots of Jazz 78
Jazz Styles 79
New Orleans and Chicago Jazz 79
Stride and Boogie Woogie 83
Swing and Big Band Jazz 83
Bebop 88
Cool Jazz, Hard Bop, Soul Jazz, and Free Jazz 92
Modern Jazz, Fusion, and Smooth Jazz 97
Summary 99
Chapter 6 Popular Music 100
Goals for Listening 102
The Definition and Scope of Popular Music 102
Pre-Twentieth Century 103
Twentieth Century and Beyond 105
Tin Pan Alley 106
Vaudeville 106
Musicals 107
Film 108
Radio and Recordings 109
Country Music 111
Hillbilly 111
Cowboy Songs and Western Swing 112
Bluegrass 114
The Nashville Sound 115
Contemporary Country 118
Early African American Influences 120
Motown 120
Gospel 120
Rhythm and Blues 121
Soul 122
Contemporary Styles 123
Rock 123
Rap/Hip-Hop 126
Other Genres 128
Summary 129
Part 3 Listening to World Music 130
Chapter 7 Music of the Americas 132
Goals for Listening 134
Native American Music 134
Style and Context 135
Assimilation and Preservation 136
Ethnic Music in the United States 138
Reggae 140
Latino Music 140
Cajun and Zydeco Music 146
Music of South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean 148
Indigenous Folk Culture 148
Musical Instruments 148
Folk Songs and Dances 148
Religious Influences 151
Summary 151
Chapter 8 Music Beyond the Americans 152
Goals for Listening 154
Music in India 154
Classical Music 154
Popular Music 157
Music in Japan 157
The Performance Context 157
Musical Genres 158
Gagaku 158
Kabuki 159
Koto, Shakuhachi, and Shamisen 159
Music in Sub-Saharan Africa 161
Music in Context 163
Instruments 163
Rhythm 164
Popular Music 166
Music in Eastern Europe 169
Indonesian Gamelan and Popular Music 172
Jewish Music 174
Cultural Context 174
Liturgical Music 175
Klezmer Music 175
Celtic Music 176
Instruments 177
Artists 177
Altan 177
Clannad 177
Solas 178
The Chieftains 178
Summary 181
Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music 182
Chapter 9 Music to 1600 184
Goals for Listening 186
The Beginnings of Western Music (until 1450) 186
Gregorian Chant 187
Notation 192
Polyphonic Music 192
The Renaissance (1450-1600) 193
Choral and Vocal Music 194
Mass 194
Motet 198
Madrigal 200
Instrumental Music 203
The Reformation 203
Featured Composers 203
Josquin des Prez 206
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina 207
Giovanni Gabrieli 208
Summary 210
Chapter 10 Music of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) 212
Goals for Listening 214
Musical Characteristics 214
Texture 214
Major-Minor Tonal System 214
Continuo 215
Word Painting 215
Other Musical Characteristics 215
Instruments 217
Musical Forms and Genres 217
Opera 218
Orchestral Works 218
Chamber Music 221
Keyboard Works 222
Choral Music 224
Featured Composers 225
Johann Sebastian Bach 225
George Frideric Handel 230
Other Notable Composers 233
Summary 233
Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period (1750-1820) 234
Goals for Listening 236
Musical Characteristics 236
Instruments 237
Genres 237
Instrumental 238
Vocal, Choral, and Opera 238
Forms 240
Sonata Form 240
Theme and Variations 244
Minuet and Trio 244
Rondo 246
Featured Composers 246
Franz Joseph Haydn 246
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 247
Ludwig van Beethoven 249
Summary 251
Chapter 12 Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century) 252
Goals for Listening 254
Musical Characteristics 254
Forms and Genres 255
Instrumental Forms and Genres 255
Opera and Ballet 256
Keyboard Forms and Genres 256
Songs 257
Featured Composers 257
Johannes Brahms 259
Frédéric Chopin 262
Felix Mendelssohn 263
Franz Schubert 264
Pyotr I'yich Tchaikovsky 266
Giuseppe Verdi 268
Richard Wagner 269
Other Notable Composers 269
Summary 271
Chapter 13 Music of the Twentieth Century 272
Goals for Listening 274
General Characteristics 274
Stylistic Developments and Featured Composers 275
Impressionism: Claude Debussy 276
Experimental Music: Igor Stravinsky 279
Atonal Music and Serialism: Arnold Schoenberg 283
Electronic Music: Edgard Varése 284
Chance Music: John Cage 285
Nationalism: Béla Bartók 286
Nationalism: Charles Ives and Aaron Copland 287
Additional American Composers 292
Amy Cheney Beach 292
Ruth Crawford 292
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich 293
Ulysses Kay 294
Henry Cowell 294
George Gershwin 294
William Grant Still 296
Neoclassical Music 296
Minimalism 297
Traditional Sounds 297
Summary 299
Appendix A A List of Recommended DVDs and Videos Supporting the Philosophy of The World of Music 301
Appendix B Classification of Instruments according to Methods of Tone Production 305
Glossary 315
Bibliography 327
Credits 329
Index 331