When Kids Are Grieving: Addressing Grief and Loss in School »

Donna Burns is an educational psychologist who specializes in developmental psychology with an emphasis on child and adolescent development, diversity, and issues in grief and loss. She has designed and taught undergraduate and graduate level courses on death and dying and conducts seminars and workshops for school districts and non-profit organizations. She has presented papers on various aspects of grief and loss at local, regional, and national conferences and has created a conceptual framework for understanding grief reactions. She coordinates and oversees the children’s program for the annual New York State Police Survivor’s Tribute weekend; has provided support to bereaved military family members;and has conducted training on Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) for firefighters. Burns is a member of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), the Association for Death Education and Counseling (ADEC), and the American Academy of Bereavement (AAB), where she completed an advanced bereavement facilitator training program.

Help students deal with grief and loss in appropriate, healthy ways.

Most students experience some form of loss in their lives, and the resulting grief can profoundly affect their academic performance, emotional stability, and social interactions. Serving both as a resource and workbook, this reader-friendly primer helps educators and school counselors understand and respond to the extraordinary challenges that children and adolescents may face when dealing with loss and grief.

Featuring helpful charts, quotes, activities, case studies, reproducible handouts, and resources from national organizations, this sourcebook offers strategies to help students affected by divorce; death of a parent, relative, friend, or pet; violence; chronic illness; and more. The author examines grief experiences at different developmental levels and illustrates how to:

• Respond appropriately to expressions of grief that are unique to children and adolescents
• Help students handle emotions associated with loss
• Promote communication and facilitate effective interventions
• Determine when to refer a child to a specialist
• Respect cultural attitudes toward loss and grief

This resource underscores the importance of understanding how children experience grief and loss and helps educators assist in ways that promote students emotional health and recovery.

Foreword Kenneth J. Doka viii

Preface x

Acknowledgments xii

About the Author xiv

1 Am I Qualified to Work With Grieving Children? 1

Overview 1

Self-Awareness 2

Reflection Activity 6

Case Study: How Do I Tell the Children? Part I 7

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 7

Chapter Reflection 8

Key Terms 8

2 What Are the Different Types of Losses and Grief Reactions? 9

Overview 9

Dimensions of Loss 10

Anticipatory Grief Versus Unanticipated Grief 15

PRECEDENT: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Grief Responses 17

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 20

Chapter Reflection 20

Key Terms 21

3 What Do I Need to Know About Children's Grief? 22

Overview 22

Developmental Processes 23

What and How Children Grieve 29

Case Study: How Do I Tell the Children? Part II 31

Gender Differences 35

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 36

Chapter Reflection 36

Key Terms 37

4 What Do I Need to Know About Adolescents' Grief? 38

Overview 38

Developmental Processes 38

Cognitive Factors 40

Socioemotional Factors 40

Family and Peers 42

School, Media, and Technology 42

How Teens Grieve 44

Risk-Taking Behaviors and Suicide 45

Suicide Prevention 46

Case Study: Reactions to a Classmate's Suicide 48

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 50

Chapter Reflection 50

Key Terms 51

5 What Can I Do to Help Grieving Students? 52

Overview 52

"But I'm Not a Grief Counselor ... " 52

Things You Need to Know First 53

Things You Can Do 54

Rituals and Activities 56

Cultural Considerations 58

Humor 61

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 65

Chapter Reflection 65

Key Terms 66

6 What Are the Elements of School-Based Crisis Response? 67

Overview 67

School-Based Crisis Response 67

Crisis Response Team 68

Skills and Training 69

Types of Crises 70

School Crisis Response Plan 71

Crisis Postvention 72

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 73

Chapter Reflection 73

Key Terms 74

7 What Grief and Loss Resources Should Our School Have Available? 75

Overview 75

National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Resources 76

Fernside and Banana Splits Resource Center Reading Lists 83

Online Resources 89

School Grief and Loss Resource Library 91

Thought Provokers and Issues to Consider 92

Chapter Reflection 92

Postscript 93

Glossary 95

References 99

Index 104