Visions of America: A History of the United States, Combined Volume » (New Edition)

Jennifer D. Keene is a professor of history and chair of the History Department at Chapman University in Orange, California. Dr. Keene has published three books on the American involvement in the First World War: Doughboys, the Great War and the Remaking of America (2001); The United States and the First World War (2000); and World War I (2006). She has received numerous fellowships for her research, including a Mellon Fellowship and Fulbright Senior Scholar Awards to Australia and France. She works closely with the Gilder-Lehrman Institute offering Teaching American History workshops for secondary school teachers throughout the country.

Edward T. O’Donnell is an Associate Professor of History at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, MA. He is the author of many scholarly articles for journals such as The Journal of Urban History, The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, and The Public Historian, as well as several books, including Ship Ablaze: The Tragedy of the Steamboat General Slocum (Random House, 2003) and the forthcoming Talisman of a Lost Hope: Henry George and Gilded Age America (Columbia University Press). Since 2002, he has worked with more than ten Teaching American History grant programs.

Saul Cornell is a professor of History at Ohio State University and one of the nation’s leading legal and constitutional historians. His studies A Well Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control and The Other Founders: Anti-Federalism and the Dissenting Tradition in America, 1788-1828 were both nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. He has published articles in the Journal of American History, the William and Mary Quarterly, American Studies, and the Law and History Review, among other journals.

how conflicting visions of America have shaped our nation’s past.

Visions of America recognizes the value of using images to engage students in serious inquiry about the historical development of the United States. Visual images are critical primary sources, and using them effectively requires the development of key analytic skills. This new textbook revolutionizes the role of images in the history survey by integrating them into the narrative. The visual legacy of the nation’s past also provides insight into the competing visions of America that have shaped American political culture. Visions of America explores the tensions and conflicts that have marked virtually every chapter of American history. It presents history as a dynamic, unpredictable, and dramatic process shaped by the choices made by people of all classes.

CHAPTER 1 Peoples in Motion: The Atlantic World to 1590

The First Americans

Migration, Settlement, and the Rise of Agriculture

The Aztec

Mound Builders and Pueblo Dwellers

Eastern Woodlands Indian Societies

American Societies on the Eve of European Contact

European Civilization in Turmoil

The Allure of the East and the Challenge of Islam

Trade, Commerce, and Urbanization

COMPETING VISIONS European and Huron Views of Nature

Renaissance and Reformation

New Monarchs and the Rise of the Nation-State

Columbus and the Columbian Exchange

Columbus Encounters the “Indians”

European Technology in the Era of the Columbian Exchange

The Conquest of the Aztec and Inca Empires

IMAGES AS HISTORY Blood of the Gods: Aztec Human Sacrifice

West African Worlds

West African Societies, Islam, and Trade

The Portuguese-African Connection

African Slavery

European Colonization of the Atlantic World

The Black Legend and the Creation of New Spain

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Facing the Spanish Inquisition in Mexico City

Fishing and Furs: France’s North Atlantic Empire

English Expansion: Ireland and Virginia

Europeans and the Indian Peoples of the Americas

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 2 Models of Settlement: English Colonial Societies, 1590-1700

The Chesapeake

The Founding of Jamestown

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES The Ordeal of Pocahontas

Tobacco Agriculture and Political Reorganization

Lord Baltimore’s Refuge: Maryland

Life in the Chesapeake: Tobacco and Society

New England

Plymouth Plantation

IMAGES AS HISTORY Corruption versus Piety: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century

Thanksgiving Myths and Realities

A Godly Commonwealth

Schism and Heresy

Expansion and Conflict

The Caribbean Colonies

Power Is Sweet

Barbados: The Emergence of a Slave Society

The Restoration Era and the Proprietary Colonies

The English Conquest of the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

A Peaceable Kingdom: Quakers in New Jersey and Pennsylvania

COMPETING VISIONS Lord Baltimore and William Penn: Two Visions of Religious Toleration

The Carolinas

The Crisis of the Late Seventeenth Century

War and Rebellion

The Dominion of New England and the Glorious Revolution

The Salem Witchcraft Hysteria

The Whig Ideal and the Emergence of Political Stability

The Whig Vision of Politics

Mercantilism, Federalism, and the Structure of Empire

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 3 Growth, Slavery, and Conflict: Colonial America, 1710-1763

Culture and Society in the Eighteenth Century

The Refinement of America

IMAGES AS HISTORY A Portrait of Colonial Aspirations

More English, Yet More American

Strong Assemblies and Weak Governors

Enlightenment and Awakening

Georgia’s Utopian Experiment

COMPETING VISIONS Slavery and Georgia

American Champions of the Enlightenment

Awakening, Revivalism, and American Society

Indian Revivals

African Americans in the Colonial Era

The Atlantic Slave Trade

Southern Slavery

Northern Slavery and Free Blacks

Slave Resistance and Rebellion

An African American Culture Emerges under Slavery

Immigration, Regional Economies, and Inequality

Immigration to the Colonies

Regional Economies

New England

The Mid-Atlantic

The Upper and Lower South

The Backcountry

Cities: Expansion and Inequality

Rural America: Land Becomes Scarce

War and the Contest over Empire

The Rise and Fall of the Middle Ground

War and the Contest for Empire

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Quakers, Pacifism, and the Paxton Uprising

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 4 Revolutionary America, 1764-1783

Tightening the Reins of Empire

Taxation without Representation

The Stamp Act Crisis

An Assault on Liberty

The Intolerable Acts and the First Continental Congress

Lexington, Concord, and Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation

Patriots vs. Loyalists

The Battle of Bunker Hill

IMAGES AS HISTORY Trumbull’s “The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill”

Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence

The Plight of the Loyalists

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES A Loyalist Wife’s Dilemma

America at War

The War in the North

The Southern Campaigns and Final Victory at Yorktown

The Radicalism of the American Revolution

Popular Politics in the Revolutionary Era

Constitutional Experiments: Testing the Limits of Democracy

African Americans’ Struggle’s for Freedom

The American Revolution in Indian Country

Liberty’s Daughters: Women and the Revolutionary Movement

COMPETING VISIONS Remember the Ladies

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 5 A Virtuous Republic: Creating a Workable Government 1783-1789

Republicanism and the Politics of Virtue

George Washington: The American Cincinnatus

The Politics of Virtue: Views from the States
IMAGES AS HISTORY Views of Women’s Role

Democracy Triumphant?

Debtors versus Creditors

Life under the Articles of Confederation

No Taxation with Representation

Diplomacy: Frustration and Stalemate

Settling the Old Northwest

Shays’ Rebellion

COMPETING VISIONS Reactions to Shays’s Rebellion

The Movement for Constitutional Reform

Large States versus Small States

Conflict over Slavery

Filling out the Constitutional Design

The Great Debate

Federalists versus Anti-Federalists

The Theory of the Large Republic: The Genius of James Madison

Ratification

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES To Ratify or Not, That Is the Question

The Creation of a Loyal Opposition

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 6 Political Passions in the New Republic, 1789-1800

Launching the New Government

Choosing the First President

The First Federal Elections: Completing the Constitution

Filling Out the Branches of Government

Hamilton's Ambitious Program

Hamilton’s Vision for the New Republic

The Assumption of State Debts

Madison’s Opposition

The Bank, the Mint, and the Report on Manufactures

Jefferson and Hamilton: Contrasting Visions of the Republic

Partisanship without Parties

A New Type of Politician

The Growth of the Partisan Press

The Democratic-Republican Societies

Conflicts at Home and Abroad

The French Revolution in America

Adams versus Clinton: A Contest for Vice President

Diplomatic Controversies and Triumphs

Violence along the Frontier

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Washington’s Decision to Crush the Whiskey Rebellion

Cultural Politics in a Passionate Age

Political Fashions and Fashionable Politics

Literature, Education, and Gender

Federalists, Republicans, and the Politics of Race

IMAGES AS HISTORY "Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences"

The Stormy Presidency of John Adams

Washington’s Farewell Address

The XYZ Affair and Quasi-War with France

The Alien and Sedition Acts

COMPETING VISIONS Congressional Debate over the Sedition Act

The Disputed Election of 1800

Gabriel's Rebellion

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 7 JEFFERSONIAN AMERICA, 1800-1824

Politics in Jeffersonian America

Jefferson’s Visions of Government

The Jeffersonian Style

Political Slurs and the Politics of Honor

Religion in Jeffersonian America

An Expanding Empire of Liberty

Dismantling the Federalist Program

The Courts: The Last Bastion of Federalist Power

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES John Marshall’s Dilemma

The Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark

Pan-Indian Revivalism, and Jeffersonian Expansionism

Dissension at Home

Jefferson’s Attack on the Federalist Judiciary

The Controversial Mr. Burr

America Confronts a World at War

The Failure of Peaceable Coercion

Madison’s Travails: Diplomatic Blunders Abroad and Tensions on the Frontier

The War of 1812

COMPETING VISIONS War Hawks and Their Critics

The Hartford Convention

The Republic Reborn: Consequences of the War of 1812

The National Republican Vision of James Monroe

IMAGES AS HISTORY Samuel Morse’s House of Representatives and the National Republican Vision

Diplomatic Triumphs

Economic and Technological Innovation

Judicial Nationalism

Crisis and the Collapse of the National Republican Consensus

The Panic of 1819

The Missouri Crisis

Denmark Vesey’s Rebellion

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 8 The Democratization of American Culture, 1824-1840

Democracy in America

Democratic Culture

COMPETING VISIONS Should White Men without Property Have the Vote?

Davy Crockett and the Frontier Myth

Andrew Jackson and His Age

The Election of 1824 and “The Corrupt Bargain”

The Election of 1828: “Old Hickory’s” Triumph

The Reign of “King Mob”

States’ Rights and the Nullification Crisis

White Man’s Democracy

Race and Politics in the Jacksonian Era

The Cherokee Cases

Resistance and Removal

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Acquiescence or Resistance: The Cherokee Dilemma

Democrats, Whigs, and the Second Party System

Third Party Challenges: Anti-Masonry and Workingmen’s Parties

The Bank War and the Rise of the Whigs

IMAGES AS HISTORY “Old Hickory” or “King Andrew”: Popular Images of Andrew Jackson

Economic Crisis and the Presidency of Martin Van Buren

Playing the Democrats’ Game: Whigs in the Election of 1840

The Log Cabin Campaign

Gender and Social Class: The Whig Appeal

Democrats and Whigs: Two Visions of Government and Society

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 9 Workers, Farmers, and Slaves: The Transformation of the American Economy, 1815-1848

The Market Revolution

Agricultural Changes and Consequences

A Nation on the Move: Roads, Canals, Steamboats, and Trains

IMAGES AS HISTORY Nature, Technology, and the Railroad: George Innes’ Lackawanna Valley (1855)

Spreading the News

The Spread of Industrialization

From Artisan to Worker

Women and Work

The Lowell Experiment

COMPETING VISIONS The Lowell Strike of 1834

Urban Industrialization

The Changing Urban Landscape

Old Port Cities and the New Cities of the Interior

Immigrants and the City

Free Black Communities in the North

Riot, Unrest, and Crime

Southern Society

The Planter Class

Yeoman and Tenant Farmers

Free Black Communities

White Southern Culture

Life and Labor under Slavery

Varied Systems of Slave Labor

Life in the Slave Quarters

Slave Religion and Music

Resistance and Revolt

Slavery and the Law

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Conscience or Duty: Judge Ruffin’s Quandary

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 10 Revivalism, Reform, and Artistic Renaissance, 1820-1850

Revivalism and Reform

Revivalism and the Market Revolution

Temperance

COMPETING VISIONS Temperance Reform and Its Critics

Schools, Prisons, and Asylums

Abolitionism and the Pro-Slavery Response

The Rise of Immediatism

IMAGES AS HISTORY “The Greek Slave”

Anti-Abolitionism and the Abolitionist Response

The Pro-Slavery Argument

The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

The New Domestic Ideal

Controlling Sexuality

The Path Toward Seneca Falls

Religious and Secular Utopianism

Millennialism, Perfectionism, and Religious Utopianism

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Mary Cragin’s Experiment in Free Love at Oneida

Secular Utopias

Literature and Popular Culture

Literature and Social Criticism

Domestic Fiction, Board Games, and Crime Stories

Slaves Tell Their Story: Slavery in American Literature

Lyceums and Lectures

Nature’s Nation

Landscape Painting

Parks and Cemeteries

Revival and Reform in American Architecture

Conclusion

Chapter Review

Chapter 11 “To Overspread the Continent:” Westward Expansion and Political Conflict, 1840-1848

Manifest Destiny and Changing Visions of the West

British, French, and Indian Encounters

Manifest Destiny and the Overland Trail

The Native American Encounter with Manifest Destiny

IMAGES AS HISTORY George Catlin and Mah-to-toh-pa: Representing Indians for an American Audience

The Mormon Flight to Utah

American Expansionism into the Southwest

The Transformation of Northern Mexico

The Clash of Interests in Texas

The Republic of Texas and the Politics of Annexation

Polk’s Expansionist Vision

The Mexican War and Its Consequences

A Controversial War

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Henry David Thoreau and Civil Disobedience

War with Mexico

Images of the Mexican War

The Wilmot Proviso

Sectionalism and the Election of 1848

COMPETING VISIONS Slavery and Election of 1848

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 12 Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861

The Slavery Question in the Territories

The Gold Rush

Organizing California and New Mexico

The Compromise of 1850

Sectionalism on the Rise

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Resisting the Fugitive Slave Act

Political Realignment

Young America

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Republicans and Know-Nothings

Ballots and Blood

IMAGES AS HISTORY The “Foreign Menace”

Deepening Controversy

Two Societies

The Industrial North

Cotton Is Supreme

The Other South

Divergent Visions

A House Divided

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

John Brown's Raid

The Election of 1860

Secession

COMPETING VISIONS Secession or Union?

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 13 A Nation Torn Apart: The Civil War, 1861-1865

Mobilization, Strategy, and Diplomacy

Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages

Mobilization in the North

Mobilization in the South

Wartime Diplomacy

The Early Campaigns, 1861-1863

No Short and Bloodless War

The Peninsular Campaign

A New Kind of War

Toward Emancipation

Slaughter and Stalemate

IMAGES AS HISTORY Photography and the Visualization of Modern War

Behind the Lines

Meeting the Demands of Modern War

Hardships on the Home Front

New Roles for Women

Copperheads

Conscription and Civil Unrest

COMPETING VISIONS Civil Liberties in a Civil War

Toward Union Victory

Turning Point: 1863

African Americans Under Arms

The Confederacy Begins to Crumble

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Equal Peril, Unequal Pay

Victory in Battle and at the Polls

War Is Hell

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 14 Now That We Are Free: Reconstruction and the New South, 1863-1890

Preparing for Reconstruction

Emancipation Test Cases

Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan

Radical Republicans Offer a Different Vision

The Fruits of Freedom

Freedom of Movement

Forty Acres and a Mule

Uplift through Education

The Black Church

The Struggle to Define Reconstruction

The Conservative Vision of Freedom: Presidential Reconstruction

COMPETING VISIONS Demanding Rights, Protecting Privilege

Congressional Reconstruction and the Fourteenth Amendment

Radical Republicans Take Control

Implementing Reconstruction

The Republican Party in the South

Creating Reconstruction Governments in the South

The Election of 1868

The Fifteenth Amendment

The Rise of White Resistance

Reconstruction Abandoned

Corruption and Scandal

The North’s Retreat

IMAGES AS HISTORY Political Cartoons Reflect the Shift in Public Opinion

The Election of 1872

Hard Times

The Return of Terrorism

The End of Reconstruction

The New South

Redeemer Rule

The Lost Cause

The New South Economy

The Rise of Sharecropping

Jim Crow

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Sanctioning Separation

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 15 Conflict and Conquest: The Transformation of the West, 1860-1900

Natives and Newcomers

Congress Promotes Westward Settlement

The Diversity of the Native American West

Native American Tribes of the Great Plains

The Great Westward Migration

The Economic Transformation of the West

The Railroad Fuels Western Development

Hard Times for Farmers

The Cattle Kingdom

Fortunes Beneath the Ground: The Mining Booms

The Environmental Legacy

COMPETING VISIONS Preservation versus Exploitation

Native Americans under Siege

Mounting Problems for Native Americans

Wars on the Plains

War and Conflict in the Far West

In Pursuit of a Solution

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Forced Assimilation versus Cultural Preservation

Resistance and Romanticism

Resistance and Persistence

Creating Mythical Heroes and Images

IMAGES AS HISTORY Annie Oakley

The West in Art and Literature

Historians Reinterpret the American West

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 16 Wonder and Woe: The Rise of Industrial America, 1865-1900

The Emergence of Big Business

Sources of the Industrial Revolution

The Railroads

Modern Business Practices

Rising Concern over Corporate Power

Andrew Carnegie: Making Steel and Transforming the Corporation

Rockefeller and the Rise of the Trust

Creating a Mass Market

The Art of Selling

IMAGES AS HISTORY Advertising and the Art of Cultivating Anxiety and Desire

Shopping as Experience: The Department Store

Bringing the Market to the Frontier

Selling to the World

The World of Work Transformed

The Impact of New Technology

Hard Times for Industrial Workers

Exploitation, Intimidation, and Conflict

COMPETING VISIONS The Legitimacy of Unions

New Roles and Opportunities for Women

Conflicting Visions of Industrial Capitalism

Capitalism Championed

Capitalism Criticized

Power in Numbers: Organized Labor

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES To Strike or Not to Strike?

The Great Upheaval of 1886

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 17 Becoming a Modern Society: America in the Gilded Age, 1877-1900

The Rise of the City

To the Cities: Americans and Immigrants Spur Urban Growth

The Emergence of Ethnic Enclaves

The Troubled City

“Boss Rule”: The Political Machine

COMPETING VISIONS How Best to Help the Poor?

A Search for Solutions

The Nativist Impulse

A Different View: Urban Reforms

Capturing a New View of Poverty: Jacob Riis and Housing Reform

IMAGES AS HISTORY Seeing the Poor

Living among the Poor: Settlement Houses

The White City

New Habits, Roles and Lifestyles

The New Urban Landscape

New Roles and Expectations for Woman

New Forms of Leisure and Popular Culture

Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous

The Challenge from Below

Out of Touch Politics

The People’s Party

Industrial Conflict and Depression

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES The Pullman Strike

The Election of 1896 and Political Realignment

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 18 The Progressive Era

The Origins of Progressive Reform

Rising Concerns and Common Ideals

Muckrakers

Experts and Professionals

The Social Gospel

Urban and State Reforms

Attacking the Machine

Regulating Transit and Utility Monopolies

Direct Democracy

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Representative or Direct Democracy?

Labor Legislation

The Darker Side of Progressivism

Moral Reform and Social Control

The Eugenics Movement

IMAGES AS HISTORY Promoting Racial Hygiene (Eugenics)

Failure of the Anti-Lynching Crusade

Progressivism in National Politics

Roosevelt the Reformer

Regulating Big Business

The Conservation Movement

COMPETING VISIONS The Battle of Hetch Hetchy

The Radical Challenge

Wilson’s “New Freedom”

Women’s Suffrage

Chapter 19 Imperial America: The United States in the World, 1890-1914

Becoming a World Power

The Impulse for Expansion

European Imperialism

The Spanish-American War

The Growing Conflict with Spain

IMAGES AS HISTORY Atrocity Stories

The Decision to Intervene in Cuba

Fighting the War Against Spain

Creating an American Empire

The Debate Over Colonies

COMPETING VISIONS The White Man’s Burden

The Philippine-American War

America and East Asia

The Open Door in China

Relations with Japan

Angel Island

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES The Legal Construction of “Whiteness”

In America’s Backyard

The Panama Canal

The Roosevelt Corollary

Conclusion

Chapter Review

Chapter 20 The Great War: World War I, 1914-1918

The Decision for War

The War in Europe

The Perils of Neutrality

America Enters the War

Conflicting Views among the Allies on the War’s Purpose

The War at Home

Gearing Up for War

Black Migration

Female Suffrage

Rallying the Public

IMAGES AS HISTORY Propaganda Posters

German Spies, Civil Liberties, and Immigrants

Fighting the War

Raising an Army

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Alvin York, Deciding to Serve

“You’re in the Army Now”

On the Western Front

Flu Epidemic

The Final Campaigns

Peace

The Paris Peace Conference

The Treaty Fight at Home

COMPETING VISIONS Joining the League of Nations

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 21 A Turbulent Decade: The Twenties

Cars and Planes: The Promise of the Twenties

The Car Culture

On the Road

Welfare Capitalism and Consumer Culture

The Age of Flight: Charles A. Lindbergh

Cultural Turbulence

The Lost Generation

Prohibition

The First Red Scare and Immigration Restrictions

Fundamentalism

Racial Violence and Civil Rights

Lynching, Racial Rioting, and the Ku Klux Klan

Marcus Garvey

COMPETING VISIONS Debating Garveyism

The Harlem Renaissance

The New Woman

Life for Women in the Twenties

IMAGES AS HISTORY Advertising the New Woman

Margaret Sanger and the Fight for Birth Control

Ensuring Peace: Diplomacy in the Twenties

Disarmament

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Preventing War in Europe

Wartime Debts

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 22 A New Deal for America: The Great Depression, 1929-1940

The Early Days of the Depression

Herbert Hoover

Economic Weaknesses in a Time of Prosperity

The Stock Market Crash of 1929

Hoover’s Response to the Depression

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Evicting the Bonus Marchers

A New President and a New Deal

FDR: The Politician

Managing Appearances

The Temper of the Poor: Passivity and Anger

Recovering from the Depression

Revamping Banking and Financial Institution

Father Charles Coughlin

Helping Industry and People

Putting People to Work

A New Deal for Farmers

Handling the Farm Crisis

Hitting the Road

Repatriating Mexican Immigrants

IMAGES AS HISTORY Migrant Mother, an American Icon

Reforms to Ensure Social Justice

The Challenge from Huey Long: “Share Our Wealth”

Social Security

Supporting Unions

COMPETING VISIONS Sharing the Wealth

The Resurgence of Labor

A New Deal for African Americans

The Supreme Court Weighs In

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 23 World War II: Fighting the Good War, 1939-1945

The Approaching War

Fascism and Appeasement

The Arsenal of Democracy

War with Japan

On the Home Front

Images of the Enemy

Internment Camps

COMPETING VISIONS Civil Liberties and National Security Clash

Prosperity, Scarcity, and Opportunities for Women

Racial Discord

On the Front Lines

Defeat, Then Victory

IMAGES AS HISTORY Combat Photography

The Final Push in Europe

America’s Response to the Holocaust

The Holocaust

Ending the Pacific War

Edging Closer to Japan

Dropping the Atomic Bomb

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES How to Use the Atomic Bomb

The Final Surrender

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 24 A Divided World: The Early Cold War, 1945-1963

Origins of the Cold War

Differing Goals in the Postwar World

The American Vision Takes Shape: Kennan’s Long Telegram

The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

The Berlin Airlift and NATO

Fighting Communism: Cold and Hot War

Communism Rising: 1949

The Korean War

Nuclear Fallout and Fear

IMAGES AS HISTORY Surviving an Atomic Bomb Blast

Fallout Shelters

Spies in Our Midst

The Second Red Scare

HUAC against Hollywood

COMPETING VISIONS Naming Names in Hollywood

McCarthyism

Averting Nuclear War

Sputnik

The Berlin Wall

Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisis

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES The Cuban Missile Crisis

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 25 In a Land of Plenty: Contentment and Discord, 1945-1960

Securing the New Deal Legacy

The Labor Movement Curtailed

Presidential Agendas: Truman and Eisenhower

A Middle Class America

Postwar Prosperity

The Move to the Suburbs

COMPETING VISIONS Suburbs: American Dream or Nightmare?

Popular Culture in the Fifties

The Television Age Arrives

Teen Culture and Rock and Roll

The Beats

Freedom Now: The Civil Rights Movement

“Separate But Equal”: Challenging Segregated Schools

Emmett Till

IMAGES AS HISTORY Inspiring a New Generation to Act

Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Rosa Parks Makes History

The Little Rock Nine, 1957

The Sit-ins

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 26 A Nation Divided: The Vietnam War, 1945-1975

The Long Road to War

The Escalating Importance of Vietnam

Taking Over from the French

Debates within the Kennedy Administration

The Kennedy Assassination

The Gulf of Tonkin

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Making Vietnam America’s War

Fighting in Vietnam

The Bombing Campaign

On the Ground

The Tet Offensive

IMAGES AS HISTORY The Role of the Press in Vietnam

Controversy of the Home Front

The Antiwar Movement

My Lai

COMPETING VISIONS Who Was Responsible for the My Lai Massacre?

The Long Road to Peace

Seeking Peace with Honor

Vietnam: The War by the Numbers

Cambodia: Invasion and Outrage

Withdrawal

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 27 A Decade of Discord: The Challenge of the Sixties

The Liberal Moment

Kennedy and the New Frontier

A Liberal Court

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Is School Prayer Constitutional?

The 1964 Election

IMAGES AS HISTORY Birmingham, 1963

March on Washington, 1963

Freedom Summer, 1964

Selma and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION

Kennedy and the New Frontier

A Liberal Court

The 1964 Election

The Great Society

Nonviolence Triumphant: The Civil Rights Movement, 1960-1965

Kennedy and the Freedom Riders

Birmingham, 1963

IMAGES AS HISTORY Birmingham, 1963

March on Washington

Freedom Summer

Selma and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Fractured Left

The New Left and the Counterculture

Malcolm X: An Alternative to Nonviolence

Watts and Chicago

Black Power and the Black Panthers

COMPETING VISIONS Defining Black Power

Women’s Liberation Movement

The End of an Era

The Faltering Civil Rights Movement

The Great Society Unravels

The Demise of the Counterculture

Keeping Protest Alive: Mexican Americans and Native Americans

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 28 A Nation Adrift: America in the 1970s and 1980s

The Age of Limits

Frustration at Home and Overseas

The Watergate Scandal

IMAGES AS HISTORY Watergate through Political Cartoons

Ford and Carter: A Crisis of Presidential Leadership

A Weakened Presidency and an Ailing Economy

Defining American Foreign Policy After Vietnam

The Leadership Crisis Continues: Carter in the White House

New Paths in Foreign Affairs

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Ending the Iranian Hostage Crisis

The Rights Revolution

The Equal Rights Amendment and Abortion Controversies

COMPETING VISIONS Defining the Ideal Woman

Gay Rights

Environmentalism

The Rise of the Right

The New Conservative Coalition

The Reagan Presidency

Conclusion

Chapter Review

CHAPTER 29: Modern Times: Living a Post-Cold War World

Changing Contours of American Society

CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES Coming to America

Persian Gulf War

The Culture Wars

COMPETING VISIONS Liberalism on America’s College Campuses

Terrorism

IMAGES AS HISTORY 9/11

Globalization