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Authors: Lynne Gaetz, Suneeti Phadke
ISBN-13: 9780131727717, ISBN-10: 0131727710
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Date Published: December 2005
Edition: 1st Edition
Preface | ix | |
Part IV | The Editing Handbook | 252 |
Grammar Section 1 | Effective Sentences | 254 |
Chapter 16 | Simple Sentences | 254 |
Identify Subjects | 254 | |
Identify Prepositional Phrases | 257 | |
Identify Verbs | 259 | |
Helping Verbs | 261 | |
Chapter 17 | Compound Sentences | 266 |
Compare Simple and Compound Sentences | 266 | |
Combine Sentences Using Coordinating Conjunctions | 267 | |
Combine Sentences Using Semicolons | 270 | |
Combine Sentences Using Transitional Expressions | 272 | |
Chapter 18 | Complex Sentences | 278 |
What Is a Complex Sentence? | 278 | |
Use Subordinating Conjunctions | 279 | |
Use Relative Pronouns | 285 | |
Use Embedded Questions | 287 | |
Chapter 19 | Sentence Variety | 291 |
What Is Sentence Variety? | 291 | |
Combine Sentences | 292 | |
Include a Question, a Quotation, or an Exclamation | 293 | |
Vary the Opening Words | 294 | |
Combine Sentences with a Present Participle | 296 | |
Combine Sentences with a Past Participle | 298 | |
Combine Sentences with an Appositive | 300 | |
Grammar Section 2 | Common Sentence Errors | 306 |
Chapter 20 | Fragments and Run-Ons | 306 |
Fragments | 306 | |
Run-Ons | 312 | |
Chapter 21 | Faulty Parallel Structure | 320 |
What Is Parallel Structure? | 320 | |
Identify Faulty Parallel Structure | 322 | |
Grammar Section 3 | Problems with Verbs | 330 |
Chapter 22 | Present and Past Tenses | 330 |
What Is Verb Tense? | 330 | |
The Simple Present Tense | 331 | |
The Simple Past Tense | 335 | |
Avoid Double Negatives | 341 | |
Chapter 23 | Past Participles | 345 |
Past Participles | 345 | |
The Present Perfect Tense: have/has + Past Participle | 348 | |
The Past Perfect Tense: had + Past Participle | 350 | |
The Passive Voice: be + Past Participle | 351 | |
Chapter 24 | Other Verb Forms | 358 |
Problems with Progressive Forms (-ing) Verbs | 358 | |
Nonstandard Forms: gonna, gotta, wanna | 360 | |
Problems with Conditional Forms | 362 | |
Nonstandard Forms: would of, could of, should of | 363 | |
Grammar Section 4 | Verb Agreement and Consistency | 368 |
Chapter 25 | Subject-Verb Agreement | 368 |
Basic Subject-Verb Agreement Rules | 368 | |
More Than One Subject | 373 | |
Special Subject Forms | 374 | |
Verb Before the Subject | 377 | |
Interrupting Words and Phrases | 378 | |
Chapter 26 | Tense Consistency | 383 |
Consistent Verb Tense | 383 | |
Grammar Section 5 | More Parts of Speech | 389 |
Chapter 27 | Nouns, Determiners, and Prepositions | 389 |
Singular and Plural Nouns | 389 | |
Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns | 394 | |
Determiners | 396 | |
Prepositions | 399 | |
Chapter 28 | Pronouns | 405 |
Pronoun Case | 405 | |
Relative Pronouns (who, whom, which, that, whose) | 411 | |
Reflexive Pronouns (-self/-selves) | 412 | |
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | 414 | |
Indefinite Pronouns | 415 | |
Vague Pronouns | 419 | |
Pronoun Shifts | 420 | |
Grammar Section 6 | Modifiers | 425 |
Chapter 29 | Adjectives and Adverbs | 425 |
Adjectives | 425 | |
Adverbs | 428 | |
Comparative and Superlative Forms | 432 | |
Chapter 30 | Mistakes with Modifiers | 439 |
Misplaced Modifiers | 439 | |
Dangling Modifiers | 443 | |
Grammar Section 7 | Word Use and Spelling | 450 |
Chapter 31 | Exact Language | 450 |
Use Specific and Detailed Vocabulary | 450 | |
Avoid Wordiness and Redundancy | 453 | |
Avoid Cliches | 454 | |
Standard English vs. Slang | 455 | |
Chapter 32 | Spelling and Commonly Confused Words | 459 |
Spelling Rules | 459 | |
120 Commonly Misspelled Words | 466 | |
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Words | 469 | |
Grammar Section 8 | Punctuation and Mechanics | 477 |
Chapter 33 | Commas | 477 |
What Is a Comma? | 477 | |
Commas in a Series | 478 | |
Commas After Introductory Words or Phrases | 479 | |
Commas Around Interrupting Words and Phrases | 480 | |
Commas in Compound Sentences | 482 | |
Commas in Complex Sentences | 483 | |
Commas in Business Letters | 484 | |
Chapter 34 | The Apostrophe, Quotation Marks, and Titles | 490 |
The Apostrophe | 490 | |
Quotation Marks | 495 | |
Punctuation of Titles | 498 | |
Chapter 35 | Capitalization and Other Punctuation Marks | 503 |
Capitalization | 503 | |
Other Punctuation Marks | 506 | |
Grammar Section 9 | Editing | 512 |
Chapter 36 | Editing Paragraphs and Essays | 512 |
Appendices | ||
Appendix 1 | Grammar Glossary | 593 |
Appendix 2 | Irregular Verbs | 595 |
Appendix 3 | A Quick Guide to Verb Tenses | 597 |
Appendix 4 | Combining Ideas in Sentences | 598 |
Appendix 5 | Punctuation and Mechanics | 599 |
Appendix 6 | Writing Paragraphs and Essays in Exams | 602 |
Appendix 7 | Spelling, Grammar, and Vocabulary Logs | 608 |
Credits | 613 | |
Index | 615 |