You are not signed in. Sign in.
Authors: Clare Cushman
ISBN-13: 9781568026145, ISBN-10: 1568026145
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Congressional Quarterly, Inc.
Date Published: September 2000
Edition: 1st Edition
Contributors | ix | |
Foreword | xi | |
Introduction | xiii | |
Acknowledgments | xv | |
I | Romantic Paternalism | 1 |
Early Exclusion | 2 | |
Barred from Being Lawyers | 2 | |
Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) | ||
The Right to Practice a Trade | 4 | |
Slaughter-House Cases (1873) | ||
Denied: The Right to Vote | 7 | |
Minor v. Happersett (1875) | ||
Myra Bradwell (1831-1894): Editor, Publisher, Reformer | 8 | |
Susan B. Anthony on Trial | 12 | |
The Nineteenth Amendment | 14 | |
Protecting Women's Health and Morals | 16 | |
The Nature of Women's Work | 16 | |
The Ten-Hour Working Day | 17 | |
Muller v. Oregon (1908) | ||
Minimum Wage Laws | 19 | |
Adkins v. Children's Hospital of D.C. (1923) | ||
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937) | ||
Ending Protective Legislation for Women | 21 | |
No Place for a Lady: Women Bartenders | 21 | |
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948) | ||
Florence Kelley: Crusader for Reform | 22 | |
George Sutherland: Supporter of Women's Suffrage | 23 | |
2 | Jury Duty | 27 |
Women as "The Center of Home and Family Life" | 27 | |
Strauder v. West Virginia (1880) | ||
Hoyt v. Florida (1961) | ||
"A Fair Cross Section of the Community" | 29 | |
Taylor v. Louisiana (1975) | ||
Ballard v. United States (1946) | ||
Gwendolyn Hoyt: A Neglected Wife Strikes Back | 30 | |
Duren v. Missouri (1979) | ||
Picking A Jury | 35 | |
J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. (1994) | ||
3 | Sex Discrimination: the Search for A Standard | 37 |
Interpreting the Equal Protection Clause | 37 | |
Four Turning Points | 39 | |
Breaking New Ground | 39 | |
Read v. Reed (1971) | ||
Sally Reed: A Mother Grieves for Her Son | 40 | |
A Double Standard for Benefits | 42 | |
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973) | ||
Sharron Frontiero: The Patient after Whom the Disease Was Named | 44 | |
Justice for Beer Drinkers | 47 | |
Craig v. Boren (1976) | ||
Mark Walker, Curtis Craig, and Carolyn Whitener: Two Fraternity Brothers and a Beer Vendor | 52 | |
The Most Recent Standard | 55 | |
United States v. Virginia (1996) | ||
Ruth Bader Ginsburg as Litigator: Shaping the Law | 62 | |
4 | Women in the Family: From Subordinates to Equal Partners | 68 |
Unequal Benefits for Widows Versus Widowers | 68 | |
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld (1975) | ||
Califano v. Goldfarb (1977) | ||
Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co. (1980) | ||
Stephen Wiesenfeld: A Father Sues for the Right to Stay Home | 72 | |
Compensating Women for Past Discrimination | 75 | |
Kahn v. Shevin (1974) | ||
Califano v. Webster (1977) | ||
Harmful Stereotypes | 78 | |
Age of Majority: Twenty-one for Boys, Eighteen for Girls | 78 | |
Stanton v. Stanton (1975) | ||
Alimony for Men, Too | 79 | |
Orr v. Orr (1979) | ||
Unemployed Fathers, Unemployed Mothers | 81 | |
Califano v. Westcott (1979) | ||
Husband as "Head and Master" of Household | 82 | |
Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981) | ||
The Equal Rights Amendment | 83 | |
5 | Single-Sex Schools | 86 |
A Nursing School for Women Only | 87 | |
Mississippi Univ. for Women v. Hogan (1982) | ||
Joe Hogan: Male Nurse | 90 | |
Women as Citizen-Soldiers | 93 | |
United States v. Virginia (1996) | ||
Gender Equity in Education: Title IX of the Education Act Amendments of 1972 | 96 | |
6 | Different Treatment of Men and Women | 98 |
Women and the Armed Forces | 98 | |
Combat Ships and Sea Duty | 99 | |
Schlesinger v. Ballard (1975) | ||
Registering Women for the Draft | 100 | |
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981) | ||
Giving Veterans Job Preferences | 103 | |
Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney (1979) | ||
Helen B. Feeney: A Veteran Fighter | 106 | |
Unwed Fathers and Their Children | 108 | |
Child Custody | 108 | |
Stanley v. Illinois (1972) | ||
The Right to Veto an Adoption and to Sue for Wrongful Death | 109 | |
Caban v. Mohammed (1979) | ||
Parham v. Hughes (1979) | ||
Lehr v. Robertson (1983) | ||
Children Born Outside the United States | 111 | |
Lorelyn Penero Miller v. Madeleine K. Albright (1998) | ||
Teenage Sex | 113 | |
Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma Cty. (1981) | ||
7 | Discrimination in the Workplace | 117 |
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Legislating Equality in the Workplace | 119 | |
Getting Hired | 121 | |
Mothers with Pre-school Age Children | 121 | |
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. (1971) | ||
Height and Weight Requirements | 123 | |
Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977) | ||
Dianne Kimberly Rawlinson: A Petite Prison Guard | 124 | |
Making Partner | 128 | |
Hishon v. King & Spalding (1984) | ||
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989) | ||
Ann Hopkins: Neither Woman Nor Man Enough to Make Partner | 130 | |
Affirmative Action | 134 | |
Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara Cty. (1987) | ||
Paul Johnson: Victim of Affirmative Action | 138 | |
The Equal Pay Act of 1963: A Remedy for Women | 140 | |
Pay and Benefits | 143 | |
Working on the Night Shift | 143 | |
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974) | ||
Equal Pay for Comparable Worth | 145 | |
County of Washington v. Gunther (1981) | ||
Discrimination in Fringe Benefits | 147 | |
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978) | ||
Arizona Governing Committee v. Norris (1983) | ||
8 | Sexual Harassment | 152 |
Sexual Harassment on the Job | 152 | |
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson (1986) | ||
Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. (1993) | ||
Sexual Harassment Gains National Attention | 156 | |
Same-Sex Harassment | 156 | |
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. (1998) | ||
Unfulfilled Threats | 158 | |
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth (1998) | ||
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998) | ||
Sexual Harassment in Schools | 160 | |
Teachers Harassing Students | 160 | |
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) | ||
Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School Dist. (1998) | ||
Students Harassing Other Students | 162 | |
Davis v. Monroe County School Bd. of Ed. (1999) | ||
9 | Pregnancy and Childbirth | 164 |
Should Pregnant Teachers Teach? | 165 | |
Cleveland Bd. of Ed. v. LaFleur (1974) | ||
Pregnancy is Not a Disability | 168 | |
Geduldig v. Aiello (1974) | ||
General Elec. Co. v. Gilbert (1976) | ||
Having A Baby, Losing Seniority | 172 | |
Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty (1977) | ||
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 | 173 | |
Discriminating Against Men: Coverage of Workers' Wives | 174 | |
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. EEOC (1983) | ||
Special Versus Equal Treatment for Pregnant Workers | 176 | |
California Fed. Sav. & Loan Assn. v. Guerra (1987) | ||
Fertile Women Need Not Apply | 178 | |
Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. (1991) | ||
Capt. Susan Struck: The Case That Got Away | 180 | |
Family Leave | 181 | |
Contraception | 182 | |
The Right to Privacy | 182 | |
The Battle for Birth Control | 182 | |
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | ||
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) | ||
Estelle Griswold: Challenging the Ban on Birth Control | 186 | |
Abortion | 188 | |
Abortion Reform Laws | 188 | |
The First Decision: Roe v. Wade | 189 | |
Roe v. Wade (1973) | ||
Doe v. Bolton (1973) | ||
Roe: The Aftermath | 190 | |
Abortion Funding | 191 | |
Maher v. Roe (1977) | ||
Harris v. McRae (1980) | ||
Rust v. Sullivan (1991) | ||
Consent of Husband, Parents | 193 | |
Planned Parenthood Assn. of Central Mo. v. Danforth (1976) | ||
Bellotti v. Baird (1979) | ||
Planned Parenthood Assn. of Kansas City, Mo., Inc. v. Ashcroft (1983) | ||
Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990) | ||
Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. (1990) | ||
Dr. Jane E. Hodgson: Abortion Pioneer | 195 | |
Abortion Procedure | 196 | |
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983) | ||
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (1986) | ||
Reconsidering Roe | 197 | |
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) | ||
Casey: Reaffirming Roe | 198 | |
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992) | ||
Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) | ||
Alias Jane Roe: The Story of Norma Nelson McCorvey | 202 | |
Antiabortion Demonstrations at Clinics | 204 | |
11 | Leading the Way | 207 |
Women Bar Members and Advocates | 207 | |
Belva A. Lockwood: First Woman Member of the Supreme Court Bar and First Woman to Argue Before the Court | 207 | |
First Ladies of the Supreme Court | 208 | |
The First Women Members of the Supreme Court Bar, 1879-1900 | 216 | |
Susan Brandeis: A Justice's Daughter Argues Before His Court | 234 | |
The First Female Law Clerks | 235 | |
Lucile Lomen: First Woman Law Clerk | 235 | |
The First Female Law Clerks | 236 | |
Near Misses: Women Considered for Appointment to the Supreme Court | 243 | |
Women on the Supreme Court | 247 | |
Sandra Day O'Connor: First Woman Justice | 247 | |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg: From Litigator to Justice | 252 | |
Glossary | 261 | |
Timelines | 269 | |
Bibliography | 274 | |
Index | 283 | |
Illustration credits | 297 |