Schroeder's Antiques Price Guide, 2011, 29th Edition »

CB Editors

For almost 30 years, Schroeder's Antiques Price Guide has been our #1 bestselling title. The reasons for its success are simple: annually, 300 different advisors, each an expert in their field(s), carefully review each category for accuracy, supply new listings, and provide all-new color photographs for their subjects; and more than 700 categories accompanied by representative listings, photos, and brief histories about each subject are included. This 29th edition boasts a revised directory that accommodates the recent shift from traditional print catalogs to online auction catalogs and auction websites that now post results strictly on the internet. And as always, a complete directory of advisors is provided in the back of the book so that readers may contact our experts directly for advice. Several new categories have been added to this edition, many in the glass field, including Atterbury & Company and Kanawha, and many sections have been expanded to feature more listings and additional historical company facts. We have also added several more people to our already diverse board of advisors, who see to it that only the most accurate data remains. It's no wonder that Schroeder's is still the most reliable source for dealers and collectors across the nation, for the lowest price you'll find for such a massive reference on antiques.

Acknowledgements

Introduction 1

1 Philosophical Problems for International Lawyers 9

Conceptions of International Law in Space and Time 11

Scepticism in the Philosophy of International Law 16

Theory and Practice 18

Conclusion 20

2 The Methodological Problem 23

The Methodological Problem in Legal Science 25

The Methodological Problem 25

Is International Law Racist? 27

The Ontological Problem 33

Conceptual Analysis and Focal Analysis 39

Conceptual Analysis 40

Focal Analysis 43

Conceptual Analysis, Focal Analysis and the Raw Data 45

The Legal Scientist 47

Conclusion 49

3 The Conceptual Analysis of International Law 51

Hart's The Concept of Law as a Form of Conceptual Analysis 52

Legal Positivism 53

Hart's Concept of Law 56

Hart's Non-ambitious Concept of Law 57

Hart's Ambitious Concept of Law 59

International Law as an Indeterminate Form of Law 61

Usages and Conventions 65

The Legal Scientist, the Ordinary Language User and the Legal Official 65

Law as a Social Practice 68

Theoretical Values 69

Law as a Conventional Practice 70

Paradigm Cases and the Internal Point of View 74

Conclusion 75

4 Focal Analysis and Ideal-Types 77

Purposivity and International Law 80

Human Dignity and the Purpose of International Law 80

Normative Positivism and International Law 83

Focal Analysis and Ideal-Types 84

Action and Axiology 85

Ideal-Types 86

The Ideal-Type and Collective and Institutionalised Social Practices 88

General Concepts 91

Weber on International Law 93

Ideal-Types and Practical Reasonableness 93

The Concept of International Law Relies upon the General Concept of Law 94

Purpose and Meaning 98

Practical Reasonableness and Ideal-Types 101

Components of the Concept of International Law 102

5 Practical Reasonableness and Human Dignity 103

The Idea of Human Dignity 106

Human Dignity as Empowerment 108

The Substantive Question 109

Generic Features of Agency 112

Distributive and Authoritative Questions 114

The Authoritative Question 115

Action and the Generic Features of Agency 117

The Universalisation of Generic Rights 119

The Distributive Question 121

The Concept of International Law 122

Dignity in the Kingdom of Ends 122

From the Kingdom of Ends to Positive Law 123

Conclusion 125

6 The Logic of the Autonomy Thesis 127

The Autonomy Thesis 130

Structure of the Autonomy Thesis 131

Hobbes' Version of the Autonomy Thesis 132

Kant's Version of the Autonomy Thesis 136

Oppenheim's Version of the Autonomy Thesis 139

Weil's Version of the Autonomy Thesis 141

Failure of the Autonomy Thesis 142

Adjudication and Function 143

Legitimacy as a General Condition for the Success of the Autonomy Thesis 145

The Autonomy Thesis and International Law 146

Public Practical Reasons 149

Practical Reasonableness and the Law 151

Conclusion 154

7 Law as a General Concept 157

The Bare-Autonomy Thesis and the Integrated-Autonomy Thesis 159

Moral Reasoning and Law 161

Ideal and Non-ideal Theory 162

Justification of the Autonomy Thesis 164

Immorality of the State of Nature 164

Law as a Community Governed by an Omnilateral Will 168

Kant's Justification for Law 169

Enforcement 173

Justification of the Integrated-Autonomy Thesis 175

Law Constitutes our Freedom from Dependency 177

Rousseau's Concept of Law 182

The General Concept of Law 183

Conclusion 185

8 The Foundations of the International Legal Order 187

A Justification for International Law 188

Civil Incorporation and the Sovereign State 190

The State and Civil Incorporation 191

Sovereignty and Collateral Moral Rights 193

The State and Agency 195

International Legal Order 197

Kant's áState of War' 197

Why is the State of War Not-rightful? 199

The Integrated-Autonomy Thesis and the Sovereignty of International Law 201

Institutional Design 203

International Legal Order as a Stuprastate System 204

International Legal Order as an Interstate System 205

Interstate or Suprastate Institutional Design? 208

Conclusion 210

Lauterpacht and the Progressive Interpretation of International Law 210

Unanswered Questions 212

9 The Discontinuity Thesis 215

Alternatives to International Legal Order 218

Sovereign States are Not Similar, in Relevant Ways, to Human Agents 218

A Rejection of the Universal State, Not International Legal Order 220

The Sovereign State Cannot be Considered an Agent 222

Transgovernmental Law Instead of International Law? 226

Rejection of International Legal Order 229

Sovereign States are Not Similar, in Relevant Ways, to Human Beings 229

Prudence and International Legal Order 230

The Environment in which Sovereign States Find Themselves is Not Similar in Relevant Ways to the Environment in which Human Beings Find Themselves 232

Are International Relations Not Unreasonable? 234

Approximations to International Law 235

Surrogates, Analogues and Approximations 237

The Possibility of Perpetual Peace 239

Conclusion 241

10 International Legal Order in Ideal and Non-ideal Theory 243

Ideal Theory 245

Norm-Creation 246

Custom 248

Interpretation 250

Enforcement 255

Failure of Interstate Design for Ideal Theory 255

Non-Ideal Theory 257

Juridical and Moral Concepts of the State 258

Institutional Architecture and Norm-Creation 265

Enforcement 268

Self-Defence 269

The Concept of International Law and the Role of the International Lawyer 270

Conclusion 273

Bibliography 277

Index 291