Race Discrimination in Public Higher Education: Interpreting Federal Civil Rights Enforcement, 1964-1996 »

JOHN B. WILLIAMS is Professor of Education at the University of Alabama-Birmingham.

After years of widely acknowledging race discrimination in higher education, American government leaders, college and university officials, and at-large citizens today question the need for civil rights laws and policies. Within an important sector of the public higher education community, roughly nineteen states that used to operate laws separating students by race dispute focuses upon systemwide Title VI enforcement. Two interpretations of Title VI enforcement coexist. Among conservatives, absence of continuing discrimination and continuing good faith effort signal an end to the need for government enforcement. Among more liberal stakeholders, past enforcement has been weakly undertaken despite past and currently increasing evidence of continued discrimination.

Closely reviewing evidence of past and current enforcement, Williams presents a reinterpretation: Considerable evidence of continued discrimination exists, but weak design and limited implementation provides an incomplete picture of past and current enforcement. Weak federal enforcement establishes a context for previously unrecognized unofficial state responses, and unofficial responses display important elements of a generic race relations ritual first chronicled in largely forgotten humanities and sociological literature from the 1960s. An important study for scholars, students, researchers, and policymakers of contemporary American education and race relations.

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Chapters discuss interpretations of regulations and policy formulation and implementation during 1970-1990; state responses to federal enforcement; recent Title VI enforcement in Mississippi during the period 1992-1996; and the Louisiana and Alabama court-ordered desegregation plans that were approved after the Supreme Court's "United States v. Fordice" (1992) ruling. The last chapter summarizes findings, suggests how this information expands understanding of enforcement, and recommends ways to improve civil rights discourse. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.