Psychobiology of Physical Activity » (New Edition)

Edmund O. Acevedo, PhD, is an associate professor in the department of health, exercise science, and recreation management at the University of Mississippi and serves as director of the Applied Physiology Laboratory. For 20 years he has conducted research in the area of psychobiology of physical activity with a focus on the psychobiology of stress during physical activity. He has published in numerous journals and books and has made scientific presentations throughout the world.

Dr. Acevedo is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and a certified exercise specialist. He has served as a reviewer for 9 different journals in exercise and sport psychology, psychobiology, and exercise physiology. He is a member of the American Physiological Society, American Psychological Association, North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, and Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society. In addition, he is a certified consultant of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology and has consulted with athletes and coaches at the professional, collegiate, and youth sport levels.

Panteleimon Ekkekakis, PhD, is an assistant professor of exercise and sport psychology at the department of health and human performance at Iowa State University. His research focuses on the affective responses that accompany acute exercise of different intensities, their underlying psychobiological mechanisms, and their implications for exercise adherence over the long haul. His publications span the areas of theoretical and affective psychology, psychometrics, psychophysiology, exercise science, preventive and behavioral medicine, and obesity.

Dr. Ekkekakis is a regular reviewer for many scientific journals, is a psychology section editor for Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, and serves on the editorial board of Psychology of Sport and Exercise. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and a member of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity.

Psychobiology of Physical Activity fills a void in the scientific literature by addressing psychobiologic factors as they relate to exercise and sport. As the first resource of its kind, it sparks greater interest in the integration of topics in the growing area known as the psychobiology of physical activity. The text defines and expands the field by covering various disciplines, including psychophysiology, psychoneuroendocrinology, psychoimmunology, neuroscience, physiological psychology, and behavioral genetics.

The edited volume consists of 17 chapters written by internationally renowned scholars who consistently present a multilevel integrative approach to the study of human behavior in exercise and sport. The contributors share their cutting-edge research findings from diverse perspectives in chapters on physical activity and the brain, cognition, emotion, stress, pain, and human performance.

Part I, Introduction, traces the history of psychobiological investigations in the fields of sport and exercise psychology and reviews what is currently known about the workings of the central nervous system during physical activity.

Part II, Physical Activity and Cognition, examines recent evidence on the role of physical activity and fitness in preserving cognitive function in the aging human brain and the effects of exercise on neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons.

Part III, Physical Activity and Emotion, discusses the effects of exercise on emotion from multiple levels: the level of the synapse, the level of the human brain, and the level of the body as an integrated self-protecting system.

Part IV, Physical Activity and Psychosomatic Health, analyzes the role of exercise on central and peripheral factors related to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity, the function of the immune system, and pain.

Part V, Psychobiology of Human Performance, focuses on factors influencing human performance in competitive settings, including attention and cognition, biofeedback, and mental imagery.

As a professional reference, the book provides researchers and scholars with a valuable summary of cutting-edge research and up-to-date information. As a textbook, it challenges researchers and graduate students with an integrated approach to the study of human behavior in exercise and sport. In addition, Psychobiology of Physical Activity translates for sophisticated practitioners-such as clinical exercise physiologists-psychobiologic research into practice in the areas of exercise and sport.

Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1. Psychobiology of Physical Activity: Integration at Last!
Edmund O. Acevedo and Panteleimon Ekkekakis
The Progress of Scientific Investigations
Secondary Ignorance and Dualism
Sport Psychology
Exercise Psychology
The Present Volume
References
Chapter 2. Physical Activity and the Neurobiology of Interoception
A.D. (Bud) Craig
Research Methods in the Neurobiology of Interoception
Primary Afferent Sensory Fibers From Muscle and Joint
Second-Order Neurons in Lamina I
Physiological Characteristics of Lamina I Neurons
Selective Response of Lamina I Neurons
Forebrain Projections of Lamina I Neurons
Interoception in Humans
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
References
Chapter 3. Brain Activation During Physical Activity
Jon W. Williamson
Central Cardiovascular Modulation
Brain Reorganization
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
References

Part II: Physical Activity and Cognition
Chapter 4. Aging, Physical Activity, and Neurocognitive Function
Arthur F. Kramer and Charles H. Hillman
Fitness and Behavioral Indices of Cognition
Fitness Effects on Brain Function and Structure
Potential Mechanisms
Directions for Future Investigation
References
Chapter 5. Exercise, Neurogenesis, and Learning in Rodents
Henriette van Praag
Environmental Enrichment and Neurogenesis
Exercise and Neurogenesis
Other Anatomical Changes Associated With Exercise
Exercise Improves Learning and Memory in Rodents
Electrophysiological Changes Associated With Exercise
Growth Factor Effects on Neurogenesis and Running
The Role of Neurotransmitters in Running and Neurogenesis
Directions for Future Investigation
References

Part III: Physical Activity and Emotion
Chapter 6. Exertion and Pleasure From an Evolutionary Perspective
Michel Cabanac
Sensations From Muscular Exertion
Hedonicity of Muscular Exertion
Hedonicity in Motivational Conflicts
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Affective Responses to Acute Exercise
Panteleimon Ekkekakis and Edmund O. Acevedo
The Intensity-Affect Relationship
The Inverted-U As a Dose-Response Model and Its Limitations
Previous Dose-Response Findings and Weaknesses in the Literature
The "Next-Generation" of Dose-Response Studies
The Dual-Mode Theory
A Putative Neural Pathway
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8. Physical Activity, Affect, and EEG Studies
Steven J. Petruzzello, Panteleimon Ekkekakis, and Eric E. Hall
EEG Changes As a Result of Acute Exercise
A Model for EEG-Exercise-Affect Research
Potential Mechanisms Underlying Asymmetry
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Physical Activity and Neurotransmitter Release
Romain Meeusen
Biosynthesis of Brain Monoamines
The Effects of Exercise on Anxiety and Depression
Exercise and Brain Neurotransmitter Concentrations
Central Fatigue
Neurotransmission and Overtraining
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Microdialysis Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References

Part IV: Physical Activity and Psychosomatic Health
Chapter 10. The Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis and Exercise Training
Mark S. Sothmann
Evolution of the Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis
Basic Elements of the Stress Response
Cross-Stressor Adaptation Hypothesis
Psychobiological Testing of the Cross-Stressor Hypothesis in Humans
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Psychobiological Reactivity, Exercise, and Cardiovascular Health
Stephen H. Boutcher and Mark Hamer
A Multifactorial Model of Cardiovascular Reactivity
Cardiovascular Reactivity Assessment
Reactivity Effects on Health
Chronic Aerobic Exercise and Reactivity
Acute Aerobic Exercise and Reactivity
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. Exercise and Psychoneuroimmunology
Suzi Hong and Paul J. Mills
The Immune System
Exercise as a Model for Psychoneuroimmunology Research
Enumerative Responses of the Immune System to Exercise
Functional Responses of the Immune System to Exercise
Cytokine Responses to Exercise
Regular Exercise and Psychoneuroimmunology
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13. Central Regulation of Stress Reactivity and Physical Activity
Gregory A. Hand, Kenneth D. Phillips, and Marlene A. Wilson
The Physiological Stress Response
The Practical Significance of Studying Physical Activity and Stress
Measures of Stress Reactivity
Neural and Endocrine Systems That Respond to Stressful Stimulation
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
References
Chapter 14. Physical Activity and Pain
Dane B. Cook
Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Pain
Neurobiology of Muscle Pain
Measurement of Muscle Pain
Naturally Occurring Muscle Pain
Analgesia During and Following Exercise
Muscle Pain As a Barrier to Physical Activity
Exercise As a Treatment for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Muscle Pain As a Limiting Factor in Sport Performance
Directions for Future Investigation
References

Part V: Psychobiology of Human Performance
Chapter 15. A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective on Sport Performance
Bradley D. Hatfield, Amy J. Haufler, and Thomas W. Spalding
Regional Cortical Activity in Elite Performers
Contrasts of EEG Activity During Psychomotor Performance
Effects of Training on Cortical Activation
Performance Variation and Cortical Arousal
Networking Between Cortical Association and Motor Regions
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16. The Psychophysiology of Biofeedback and Sport Performance
Dave Collins
Measuring the Physiological Index
Feedback Methods
Selecting the Index
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 17. The Psychophysiology of Imagery in Sport
Paul S. Holmes
Theoretical Concerns
Functional Equivalence
Influencing Physiological Change
Image Generation
Imagery Modalities and Perspectives
Neuroscientific Implications for Imagery Use by Sport Performers
Indirect Evidence for the Mirror Neuron System
Direct Evidence for the Mirror Neuron System
Weaknesses and Limitations in the Literature
Directions for Future Investigation
Conclusions
References
Epilogue. Future Challenges in Understanding Human Behavior
Edmund O. Acevedo and Panteleimon Ekkekakis
References
Index
About the Editors