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Molecular Cell Biology » (6th Edition)

Book cover image of Molecular Cell Biology by Harvey Lodish

Authors: Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Matthew P. Scott
ISBN-13: 9780716776017, ISBN-10: 0716776014
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Freeman, W. H. & Company
Date Published: June 2007
Edition: 6th Edition

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Author Biography: Harvey Lodish

Harvey Lodish is Professor of Biology and Professor of Bioengineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. Dr. Lodish is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was President (2004) of the American Society for Cell Biology. He is well known for his work on cell membrane physiology, particularly the biosynthesis of many cell-surface proteins, and on the cloning and functional analysis of several cell-surface receptor proteins, such as the erythropoietin and TGF-ß receptors. His lab also studies hematopoietic stem cells and has identified novel proteins that support their proliferation. Dr. Lodish teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in cell biology and biotechnology.

Arnold Berk is Professor of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and a member of the Molecular Biology Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Berk is also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is one of the original discoverers of RNA splicing and of mechanisms for gene control in viruses. His laboratory studies the molecular interactions that regulate transcription nitiation in mammalian cells, focusing particular attention on transcription factors encoded by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. He teaches introductory courses in molecular biology and virology and an advanced course in cell biology of the nucleus.

Chris A. Kaiser is Professor and Head of the Department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His laboratory uses genetic and cell biological methods to understand the basic processes of how newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins are folded and stored in the compartments of the secretory pathway. Dr. Kaiser is recognized as a top undergraduate educator at MIT, where he has taught genetics to undergraduates for many years.

Monty Krieger is the Whitehead Professor in the Department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For his innovative teaching of undergraduate biology and human physiology as well as graduate cell biology courses, he has received numerous awards. His laboratory has made contributions to our understanding of membrane trafficking through the Golgi apparatus and has cloned and characterized receptor proteins important for the movement of cholesterol into and out of cells, including the HDL receptor.

Matthew P. Scott is Professor of Developmental Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering at Stanford University School of Medicine and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a past president of the Society for Developmental Biology. He is known for his work in developmental biology and genetics, particularly in areas of cell-cell signaling and homeobox genes and for discovering the roles of developmental regulators in cancer. Dr. Scott teaches cell and developmental biology to undergraduate students, development and disease mechanisms to medical students and developmental biology to graduate students at Stanford University.

Anthony Bretscher is Professor of Cell Biology at Cornell University. His laboratory is well known for identifying and characterizing new components of the actin cytoskeleton, and elucidating their biological functions in relation to cell polarity and membrane traffic. For this work, his laboratory exploits biochemical, genetic and cell biological approaches in two model systems, vertebrate epithelial cells and the budding yeast. Dr. Bretscher teaches cell biology to graduate students at Cornell University.

Hidde Ploegh is Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. One of the world’s leading researchers in immune system behavior, Dr. Ploegh studies the various tactics that viruses employ to evade our immune responses, and the ways in which our immune system distinguishes friend from foe. Dr. Ploegh teaches immunology to undergraduate students at Harvard University and MIT.

Book Synopsis

This is the new edition of a college level textbook on molecular cell biology. The emphasis is on experimental basis of current understandings. New experimental methodologies and concepts are introduced in this edition. Thirteen chapters cover such topics as biomembranes and cell architecture, cell integration in tissues, cell transport mechanisms, cellular energetics, molecular genetic techniques, transcriptional control of gene expression, and signaling at the cell surface. Annotation ©2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Alvin Telser

This is a fourth edition textbook on molecular cell biology. The third edition was published in 1995. The purpose is to convey the most current information and understanding of molecular and cellular biology to students of these topics. These are very worthwhile objectives and are fully attained. The book is written for advanced undergraduates -- biology, molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry majors as well as premedical students. This is an appropriate audience and the book is targeted to them very well. The authors are highly regarded experts in the material presented in this textbook. The full range of modern molecular and cellular biology is covered in over 1000 pages consisting of 24 chapters. The table of contents and index are extremely thorough. Each book comes with an excellent student CD-ROM containing eight useful features; e.g., animations, videos, practice questions, etc. There are other CD-ROMs available for instructors. The book is copiously illustrated with many excellent color diagrams, charts, photos, etc. There are no significant shortcomings. This is an outstanding textbook; the new edition is quite welcome in light of the many advances and new information in this field. It is very well written and organized. The main competition is Albert's Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd Edition (Garland Publishing, 1994), also an excellent textbook. This makes the choice of the professor rather difficult, but both books are models of excellence. Anyone using this book as it is intended will come away with a solid understanding of modern molecular and cellular biology.

Table of Contents

1Life Begins with Cells1
1.1The Diversity and Commonality of Cells1
1.2The Molecules of a Cell8
1.3The Work of Cells13
1.4Investigating Cells and Their Parts19
1.5A Genome Perspective on Evolution26
2Chemical Foundations29
2.1Atomic Bonds and Molecular Interactions30
2.2Chemical Building Blocks of Cells37
2.3Chemical Equilibrium46
2.4Biochemical Energetics50
3Protein Structure and Function59
3.1Hierarchical Structure of Proteins60
3.2Folding, Modification, and Degradation of Proteins68
3.3Enzymes and the Chemical Work of Cells73
3.4Molecular Motors and the Mechanical Work of Cells79
3.5Common Mechanisms for Regulating Protein Function82
3.6Purifying, Detecting, and Characterizing Proteins86
4Basic Molecular Genetic Mechanisms101
4.1Structure of Nucleic Acids102
4.2Transcription of Protein-Coding Genes and Formation of Functional mRNA108
4.3Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes115
4.4The Three Roles of RNA in Translation119
4.5Stepwise Synthesis of Proteins on Ribosomes125
4.6DNA Replication131
4.7Viruses: Parasites of the Cellular Genetic System137
5Biomembranes and Cell Architecture147
5.1Biomembranes: Lipid Composition and Structural Organization149
5.2Biomembranes: Protein Components and Basic Functions157
5.3Organelles of the Eukaryotic Cell165
5.4The Cytoskeleton: Components and Structural Functions173
5.5Purification of Cells and Their Parts178
5.6Visualizing Cell Architecture184
6Integrating Cells into Tissues197
6.1Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Adhesion: An Overview199
6.2Sheetlike Epithelial Tissues: Junctions and Adhesion Molecules201
6.3The Extracellular Matrix of Epithelial Sheets209
6.4The Extracellular Matrix of Nonepithelial Tissues216
6.5Adhesive Interactions and Nonepithelial Cells223
6.6Plant Tissues231
6.7Growth and Use of Cultured Cells235
7Transport of Ions and Small Molecules Across Cell Membranes245
7.1Overview of Membrane Transport246
7.2ATP-Powered Pumps and the Intracellular Ionic Environment252
7.3Nongated Ion Channels and the Resting Membrane Potential260
7.4Cotransport by Symporters and Antiporters268
7.5Movement of Water271
7.6Transepithelial Transport274
7.7Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the Propagation of Action Potentials in Nerve Cells276
7.8Neurotransmitters and Receptor and Transport Proteins in Signal Transmission at Synapses287
8Cellular Energetics301
8.1Oxidation of Glucose and Fatty Acids to CO[subscript 2]304
8.2Electron Transport and Generation of the Proton-Motive Force315
8.3Harnessing the Proton-Motive Force for Energy-Requiring Processes325
8.4Photosynthetic Stages and Light-Absorbing Pigments331
8.5Molecular Analysis of Photosystems336
8.6CO[subscript 2] Metabolism During Photosynthesis342
9Molecular Genetic Techniques and Genomics351
9.1Genetic Analysis of Mutations to Identify and Study Genes352
9.2DNA Cloning by Recombinant DNA Methods361
9.3Characterizing and Using Cloned DNA Fragments371
9.4Genomics: Genome-wide Analysis of Gene Structure and Expression380
9.5Inactivating the Function of Specific Genes in Eukaryotes387
9.6Identifying and Locating Human Disease Genes394
10Molecular Structure of Genes and Chromosomes405
10.1Molecular Definition of a Gene406
10.2Chromosomal Organization of Genes and Noncoding DNA408
10.3Mobile DNA414
10.4Structural Organization of Eukaryotic Chromosomes424
10.5Morphology and Functional Elements of Eukaryotic Chromosomes430
10.6Organelle DNAs438
11Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression447
11.1Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Control and RNA Polymerases448
11.2Regulatory Sequences in Protein-Coding Genes454
11.3Activators and Repressors of Transcription458
11.4Transcription Initiation by RNA Polymerase II469
11.5Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Activation and Repression471
11.6Regulation of Transcription-Factor Activity481
11.7Regulated Elongation and Termination of Transcription485
11.8Other Eukaryotic Transcription Systems486
12Post-transcriptional Gene Control and Nuclear Transport493
12.1Processing of Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA493
12.2Regulation of Pre-mRNA Processing504
12.3Macromolecular Transport Across the Nuclear Envelope509
12.4Cytoplasmic Mechanisms of Post-transcriptional Control518
12.5Processing of rRNA and tRNA525
13Signaling at the Cell Surface533
13.1Signaling Molecules and Cell-Surface Receptors534
13.2Intracellular Signal Transduction541
13.3G Protein-Coupled Receptors That Activate or Inhibit Adenylyl Cyclase545
13.4G Protein-Coupled Receptors That Regulate Ion Channels555
13.5G Protein-Coupled Receptors That Activate Phospholipase C561
13.6Activation of Gene Transcription by G Protein-Coupled Receptors565
14Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity571
14.1TGF[beta] Receptors and the Direct Activation on Smads574
14.2Cytokine Receptors and the JAK-STAT Pathway578
14.3Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Activation of Ras587
14.4MAP Kinase Pathways592
14.5Phosphoinositides as Signal Transducers598
14.6Pathways That Involve Signal-Induced Protein Cleavage601
14.7Down-Modulation of Receptor Signaling605
15Integration of Signals and Gene Controls611
15.1Experimental Approaches for Building a Comprehensive View of Signal-Induced Responses612
15.2Responses of Cells to Environmental Influences617
15.3Control of Cell Fates by Graded Amounts of Regulators621
15.4Boundary Creation by Different Combinations of Transcription Factors632
15.5Boundary Creation by Extracellular Signals639
15.6Reciprocal Induction and Lateral Inhibition644
15.7Integrating and Controlling Signals648
16Moving Proteins into Membranes and Organelles657
16.1Translocation of Secretory Proteins Across the ER Membrane659
16.2Insertion of Proteins into the ER Membrane666
16.3Protein Modifications, Folding, and Quality Control in the ER673
16.4Export of Bacterial Proteins680
16.5Sorting of Proteins to Mitochondria and Chloroplasts683
16.6Sorting of Peroxisomal Proteins693
17Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis701
17.1Techniques for Studying the Secretory Pathway703
17.2Molecular Mechanisms of Vesicular Traffic707
17.3Early Stages of the Secretory Pathway715
17.4Later Stages of the Secretory Pathway719
17.5Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and the Sorting of Internalized Proteins727
17.6Synaptic Vesicle Function and Formation735
18Metabolism and Movement of Lipids743
18.1Phospholipids and Sphingolipids: Synthesis and Intracellular Movement745
18.2Cholesterol: A Multifunctional Membrane Lipid750
18.3Lipid Movement into and out of Cells754
18.4Feedback Regulation of Cellular Lipid Metabolism763
18.5The Cell Biology of Atherosclerosis, Heart Attacks, and Strokes767
19Microfilaments and Intermediate Filaments779
19.1Actin Structures780
19.2The Dynamics of Actin Assembly784
19.3Myosin-Powered Cell Movements791
19.4Cell Locomotion800
19.5Intermediate Filaments805
20Microtubules817
20.1Microtubule Organization and Dynamics818
20.2Kinesin- and Dynein-Powered Movements829
20.3Microtubule Dynamics and Motor Proteins in Mitosis838
21Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle853
21.1Overview of the Cell Cycle and Its Control854
21.2Biochemical Studies with Oocytes, Eggs, and Early Embryos858
21.3Genetic Studies with S. pombe864
21.4Molecular Mechanisms for Regulating Mitotic Events868
21.5Genetic Studies with S. cerevisiae874
21.6Cell-Cycle Control in Mammalian Cells881
21.7Checkpoints in Cell-Cycle Regulation886
21.8Meiosis: A Special Type of Cell Division890
22Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death899
22.1The Birth of Cells900
22.2Cell-Type Specification in Yeast910
22.3Specification and Differentiation of Muscle913
22.4Regulation of Asymmetric Cell Division919
22.5Cell Death and Its Regulation924
23Cancer935
23.1Tumor Cells and the Onset of Cancer936
23.2The Genetic Basis of Cancer943
23.3Oncogenic Mutations in Growth-Promoting Proteins951
23.4Mutations Causing Loss of Growth-Inhibiting and Cell-Cycle Controls956
23.5The Role of Carcinogens and DNA Repair in Cancer961
Glossary
Index

Subjects