Authors: George Lakoff, Mark Johnson
ISBN-13: 9780226468013, ISBN-10: 0226468011
Format: Paperback
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date Published: April 2003
Edition: (Non-applicable)
George Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.
The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are "metaphors we live by"-metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.
In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson's influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.
Preface | ||
Acknowledgments | ||
1 | Concepts We Live By | 3 |
2 | The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts | 7 |
3 | Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding | 10 |
4 | Orientational Metaphors | 14 |
5 | Metaphor and Cultural Coherence | 22 |
6 | Ontological Metaphors | 25 |
7 | Personification | 33 |
8 | Metonymy | 35 |
9 | Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence | 41 |
10 | Some Further Examples | 46 |
11 | The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring | 52 |
12 | How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded? | 56 |
13 | The Grounding of Structural Metaphors | 61 |
14 | Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical | 69 |
15 | The Coherent Structuring of Experience | 77 |
16 | Metaphorical Coherence | 87 |
17 | Complex Coherences across Metaphors | 97 |
18 | Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure | 106 |
19 | Definition and Understanding | 115 |
20 | How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form | 126 |
21 | New Meaning | 139 |
22 | The Creation of Similarity | 147 |
23 | Metaphor, Truth, and Action | 156 |
24 | Truth | 159 |
25 | The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism | 185 |
26 | The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics | 195 |
27 | How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism | 210 |
28 | Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism | 223 |
29 | The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths | 226 |
30 | Understanding | 229 |
Afterword | 239 | |
References | 241 |