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Authors: Benjamin W. Griffith
ISBN-13: 9780817309145, ISBN-10: 0817309144
Format: Paperback
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
Date Published: March 1998
Edition: REPRINT
Born of Creek mothers and Scottish fathers, these two fascinating men fought on opposing sides during the Creek War of 1813-14. William McIntosh (White Warrior) sided with Andrew Jackson and the Lower Creeks, and William Weatherford (Red Eagle) joined the Red Sticks. Benjamin W. Griffith, Jr., illuminates the remarkable story behind the legends and folk tales surrounding these Creek leaders.
Preface | xi |
1. Introduction | 1 |
2. Children of Their Mothers' Clans | 10 |
3. Boyhood: Sports, Games, and Rites of Passage | 23 |
4. The Revolutionary Period: Dissension and Intrigue | 36 |
5. Weatherford and McIntosh Become Famous: Capturing Bowles | |
and Debating with Jefferson | 48 |
6. Problems from the Outside: The Federal Road and Tecumseh | 64 |
7. Civil War Erupts: McIntosh the "Law Mender" and | |
Weatherford the Reluctant Nativist | 79 |
8. The Conflagration Spreads: The Battle of Burnt Corn and | |
the Massacre at Fort Mims | 95 |
9. General Jackson Enters the Fray: Retaliation and | |
Countermeasures from | 112 |
Tallushatchee to the Holy Ground | |
10. The Demise of the Red Sticks: Horseshoe Bend and | |
Weatherford's Surrender | 133 |
11. The Treaty of Fort Jackson and the Rising Career of | |
William McIntosh | 156 |
12. "The Gallant Major McIntosh" Becomes a General | |
in the Seminole War | 172 |
13. McIntosh and Mitchell: An Unholy Alliance | 195 |
14. McIntosh and Crowell: Foes in the Deadly Game of Land | |
Cessions | 212 |
15. Betrayal at Indian Springs and the Deaths of McIntosh and | |
Weatherford | 232 |
16. The Bitter Aftermath | 255 |
Notes | 273 |
Bibliography | 302 |
Index | 315 |
Illustrations | |
Map: The Milieu of McIntosh and Weatherford | xiv |
Benjamin Hawkins | 46 |
William McIntosh | 55 |
Tenskwatawa | 72 |
William McIntosh | 82 |
Plan of Fort Mims | 103 |
Massacre at Fort Mims | 105 |
Attack on Fort Mims | 107 |
Pushmataha | 115 |
Timpoochee Barnard | 136 |
Battlefield Map of Horseshoe Bend | 146 |
Weatherford Surrenders to Andrew Jackson | 152 |
William McIntosh | 190 |
David B. Mitchell | 197 |
Neamathla | 214 |
John Crowell | 219 |
Opothle Yoholo | 239 |
George M. Troup | 245 |
Menawa | 249 |
Paddy Carr | 258 |
Tustunnuggee Emathla | 271 |