Authors: Thomas Hobbes, Jennifer J. Popiel (Introduction), Jennifer Popiel
ISBN-13: 9780760755938, ISBN-10: 0760755930
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Barnes & Noble
Date Published: March 2004
Edition: (Non-applicable)
After the publication of his masterpiece of political theory, Leviathan, Or the Matter, and Power of Commonwealth Ecclesiastic and Civil, in 1651, opponents charged Thomas Hobbes with atheism and banned and burned his books. The English Parliament, in a search for scapegoats, even claimed that the theories found in Leviathan were a likely cause of the Plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of 1666.
For the modern reader, though, Hobbes is more recognized for his popular belief that humanity's natural condition is a state of perpetual war, with life being "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Despite frequent challenges by other philosophers, Leviathan's secular theory of absolutism no longer stands out as particularly objectionable. In the description of the organization of states, moreover, we see Hobbes as strikingly current in his use of concepts that we still employ today, including the ideas of natural law, natural rights, and the social contract. Based on this work, one could even argue that Hobbes created English-language philosophy, insofar as Leviathan was the first great philosophical work written in English and one whose impact continues to the present day.
About the Author:
Thomas Hobbes was born on Good Friday in 1588. Despite growing up in an impoverished clerical family, he was precociously intelligent and completed a classical education at Oxford. He decided not to follow in his father's footsteps, though, and instead became a tutor within an aristocratic family. When these royalist political connections and a number of personal writings in support of monarchical authority got Hobbes centrally involved in the turmoil of the English Civil War, he feared for his safety and fled to France in 1640. It was while in exile in France that he wrote Leviathan, the work that cemented Hobbes' philosophical reputation as the pre-eminent modern theorist of secular absolutism.
Part 1 | Of Man | |
1 | Of Sense | 3 |
2 | Of Imagination | 4 |
3 | Of the Consequence or Train of Imaginations | 8 |
4 | Of Speech | 12 |
5 | Of Reason and Science | 18 |
6 | Of the Interiour Beginnings of Voluntary Motions Commonly Called the Passions; and the Speeches by which They Are Expressed | 23 |
7 | Of the Ends or Resolutions of Discourse | 30 |
8 | Of the Vertues, Commonly Called Intellectual, and Their Contrary Defects | 32 |
9 | Of the Severall Subjects of Knowledge | 41 |
10 | Of Power, Worth, Dignity, Honour, and Worthinesse | 43 |
11 | Of the Difference of Manners | 49 |
12 | Of Religion | 54 |
13 | Of the Naturall Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery | 63 |
14 | Of the First and Second Naturall Lawes and of Contract | 66 |
15 | Of Other Laws of Nature | 74 |
16 | Of Persons, Authors, and Things Personated | 83 |
Part 2 | Of Common-Wealth | |
17 | Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Common-wealth | 87 |
18 | Of the Rights of Soveraignes by Institution | 90 |
19 | Of Severall Kinds of Common-wealth by Institution; and of Succession to the Soveraign Power | 96 |
20 | Of Dominion Parternall and Despoticall | 104 |
21 | Of the Liberty of Subjects | 110 |
22 | Of Systems Subject, Politicall, and Private | 117 |
23 | Of the Publique Ministers of Soveraign Power | 126 |
24 | Of the Nutrition, and Procreation of a Common-wealth | 130 |
25 | Of Counsell | 134 |
26 | Of Civill Lawes | 140 |
27 | Of Crimes, Excuses, and Extenuations | 154 |
28 | Of Punishments, and Rewards | 164 |
29 | Of Those Things that Weaken, or Tend to the Dissolution of a Common-wealth | 170 |
30 | Of the Office of the Soveraign Representative | 178 |
31 | Of the Kingdome of God by Nature | 189 |