Learning Radiology: Recognizing the Basics: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access » (1st Edition)

Ease your exam anxiety...and sharpen your clinical skills! Written by William Herring, MD - a skilled radiology teacher and creator of an award-winning radiology teaching web site - Learning Radiology efficiently presents just the radiology knowledge you need to know to get through clinical rotations and USMLEs. And, bonus online access via STUDENT CONSULT - where you will find the complete text of the book, self-assessment quizzes, and more - makes this an even more effective learning tool!

• Identify a wide range of common and uncommon conditions, based upon their imaging findings.

• Quickly grasp the fundamentals you need to know through easy-access bulleted text and more than 500 images.

• Arrive at diagnoses by following a pattern recognition approach...and logically overcome more difficult diagnostic challenges with the aid of simple decision trees.

• Test your skills with online quizzes through free Student Consult access.

• Consult the book online, anywhere you go, thanks to bonus STUDENT CONSULT access! In addition to reviewing the full text of the book you'll also be able to perform quick searches · add your own notes and bookmarks · follow Integration Links to related bonus content from other STUDENT CONSULT titles — to help you see the connections between diverse disciplines · build your skills with numerous additional exercises and review questions · and more!

1. Recognizing Anything

The "colorful" world of radiology A systematic approach — the "truth" about systems Terminology Conventions used in this book

2. Recognizing a Technically Adequate Chest Radiograph

Penetration Inspiration Rotation Magnification Angulation The lateral chest

3. Recognizing Cardiomegaly

The cardiothoracic ratio Extracardiac causes of apparent cardiac enlargement Effect of projection and inspiration on perception of heart size Recognizing cardiomegaly in infants

4. Recognizing Airspace versus Interstitial Lung Disease

Normal lung markings Characteristics of airspace disease Some causes of airspace disease Characteristics of interstitial lung disease Some causes of interstitial lung disease

5. Recognizing the Causes of an Opacified Hemithorax

Atelectasis of the entire lung Massive pleural effusion Pneumonia of an entire lung Post-pneumonectomy

6. Recognizing Atelectasis

What is atelectasis?
Signs of atelectasis Types of atelectasis Patterns of collapse in lobar atelectasis How atelectasis resolves

7. Recognizing a Pleural Effusion

Normal anatomy and physiology of the pleural space Causes of pleural effusions Types of pleural effusions Recognizing the different appearances of pleural effusions Side-specificity of pleural effusions

8. Recognizing Pneumonia

General considerations Recognizing pneumonia — general characteristics Patterns of pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia Localizing pneumonia How pneumonia resolves

9. Recognizing Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pneumopericardium, and Subcutaneous Emphysema

Normal anatomy Recognizing a pneumothorax Recognizing the pitfalls in overdiagnosing a pneumothorax Types of pneumothoraces Causes of a pneumothorax Other ways to diagnose a pneumothorax Pulmonary interstitial edema (PIE)
Recognizing pneumomediastinum Recognizing pneumopericardium Recognizing subcutaneous emphysema

10. The ABCs of Heart Disease: Recognizing Adult Heart Disease from the Frontal Chest Radiograph

Heart size Cardiac contours — ascending aorta Cardiac contours — "double density" of left atrial enlargement Cardiac contours — right atrium Cardiac contours — aortic knob Cardiac contours — main pulmonary artery Cardiac contours—concavity for left atrium Cardiac contours — left ventricle Cardiac contours — descending aorta The pulmonary vasculature — normal The pulmonary vasculature—pulmonary venous hypertension The pulmonary vasculature — pulmonary arterial hypertenison The pulmonary vasculature — increased flow to the lungs The pulmonary vasculature — decreased flow to the lungs The ABCs of heart disease system A — is the left atrium enlarged?
B — is the main pulmonary artery big or bulbous?
C — is the main pulmonary artery segment concave?
D — is the heart a dilated or delta-shaped heart Other facts

11. Recognizing Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema

Congestive heart failure — general considerations Pulmonary interstitial edema Pulmonary alveolar edema Non-cardiogenic alveolar edema — general considerations Differentiating cardiac from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

12. Recognizing the Correct Placement of Lines and Tubes and Their Potential Complications: Critical Care Radiology

Endotracheal tubes and tracheostomies Intravascular catheters Pleural drainage tubes (chest tubes, thoracotomy tubes)
Cardiac devices — pacemakers, AICD, IABP GI tubes and lines — nasogastric tubes, feeding tubes

13. Recognizing Mediastinal and Lung Masses and Metastases

Mediastinal masses Anterior mediastinum Middle mediastinal masses Aortic aneurysms Posterior mediastinal masses Solitary nodule/mass in the lung Bronchogenic carcinoma Metastatic neoplasms in the lung

14. Recognizing the Basics on CT of the Chest

Introduction Normal chest CT anatomy Five-vessel level Aortic arch level Aorto-pulmonary window level Main pulmonary artery level High cardiac level Low cardiac level The fissures Selected abnormalities visible on chest CT scans Pulmonary thromboembolic disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Blebs and bulae, cysts and cavities Bronchiectasis Chest trauma Pericardial effusion Cardiac CT

15. Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: Conventional Radiographs

Recognizing the normal abdomen — what to look for Recognizing the normal abdomen — normal bowel gas pattern Recognizing the normal abdomen — normal fluid levels Differentiating large from small bowel Acute abdominal series — the views and what they show Recognizing the normal abdomen — extraluminal air Recognizing the normal abdomen — calcifications Recognizing the normal abdomen — organomegaly

16. Recognizing Bowel Obstruction and Ileus Abnormal gas patterns

Laws of the gut Functional ileus — localized — sentinal loops Functional ileus — generalized adynamic ileus Mechanical obstruction — small bowel obstruction (SBO)
Mechanical obstruction — large bowel obstruction (LBO)
Intestinal psuedo-obstruction (Ogilvie’s syndrome)

17. Recognizing Extraluminal Gas in the Abdomen

Signs of free intraperitoneal air Air beneath the diaphragm Visualization of both sides of the bowel wall Visualization of the falciform ligament Causes of free air Signs of extraperitoneal air (retroperitoneal air)
Causes of extraperitoneal air Signs of air in the bowel wall Causes and significance of air in the bowel wall Signs of air in the biliary system Causes of air in the biliary system

18. Recognizing Abnormal Calcifications and Their Causes

Patterns of calcification Rimlike calcification Linear or track-like calcification Lamellar or laminar calcification Cloudlike, amorphous, or "popcorn" calcification Location of calcification

19. Recognizing Tumors, Tics, and Ulcers: Radiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Recognizing abnormalities of the GI tract from top to bottom Esophagus Hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
Stomach and duodenum Small bowel Large bowel Terminology Common principles for all gastrointestinal barium studies

20. Recognizing the Basics on CT of the Abdomen

General considerations Liver Biliary system Spleen Kidneys Pancreas Small and large bowel Female pelvis Urinary bladder Abdominal aortic aneurysms Adenopathy

21. Recognizing Abnormalities of Bone Density

Normal bone anatomy The effect of bone physiology on bone anatomy Recognizing a generalized increase in bone density Recognizing a focal increase in bone density Recognizing a generalized decrease in bone density Recognizing a focal decrease in bone density Pathologic fractures

22. Recognizing Fractures and Dislocations

Recognizing an acute fracture Recognizing dislocations and subluxations Describing fractures Avulsion fractures Salter-Harris fractures — epiphyseal plate fractures in children Stress fractures Common fracture eponyms Some easily missed fractures or dislocations Fracture healing

23. Recognizing Joint Disease: An Approach to Arthritis

Classification of arthritis Anatomy of a joint Hypertrophic arthritis Infectious arthritis Erosive arthritis

24. Recognizing Some Common Causes of Neck and Back Pain

Conventional radiography, CT, and MRI The normal spine Back pain Herniated discs Degenerative disc disease (DDD)
Osteoarthritis of the facet joints Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)
Compression fractures of the spine Spondylolesthesis and spondylolysis Spinal stenosis Spinal trauma Malignancy involving the spine

25. Recognizing Abnormal Head CT Findings

Normal anatomy and general considerations Head trauma Increased intracranial pressure Stroke Ruptured aneurysms Hydrocephalus Brain tumors Other diseases Terminology