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Authors: Nancy Bonvillain
ISBN-13: 9780135135686, ISBN-10: 0135135680
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Date Published: October 2007
Edition: 5th Edition
Using data from cultures and languages throughout the world to highlight both similarities and differences in human languages—this text explores the many interconnections among language, culture, and communicative meaning. It examines the multi-faceted meanings and uses of language and emphasizes the ways that language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions.
Acknowledgments | ||
Ch. 1 | Introduction | 1 |
References | 5 | |
Ch. 2 | The Form of the Message | 6 |
Phonology: The Sounds of Language | 6 | |
Morphology: The Structure of Words | 17 | |
Syntax: The Structure of Sentences | 25 | |
Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning | 29 | |
Manual Language | 32 | |
Nonverbal Communication | 37 | |
Summary | 50 | |
References | 50 | |
Ch. 3 | Language and Cultural Meaning | 52 |
Foundations of Ethnolinguistics | 53 | |
Lexical and Cultural Categories | 57 | |
Cultural Presupposition | 69 | |
Extended and Transferred Meaning | 72 | |
Summary | 82 | |
References | 82 | |
Ch. 4 | Contextual Components: Outline of an Ethnography of Communication | 84 |
Ethnography of Communication | 84 | |
Settings | 87 | |
Participants | 88 | |
Topics and Goals | 98 | |
Speech Acts | 101 | |
Routines | 103 | |
Summary | 110 | |
References | 111 | |
Ch. 5 | Communicative Interactions | 112 |
Structural Properties of Conversation | 112 | |
Conversational Postulates | 118 | |
Directives | 122 | |
Politeness | 131 | |
Summary | 143 | |
References | 143 | |
Ch. 6 | Societal Segmentation and Linguistic Variation: Class and Race | 145 |
Social Stratification | 145 | |
Caste | 146 | |
Class | 147 | |
Race | 167 | |
Summary | 181 | |
References | 181 | |
Ch. 7 | Language and Gender: English and English Speakers | 183 |
Pronunciation | 184 | |
Grammatical Variants | 191 | |
Lexical Choices | 196 | |
Gender-Related Conversational Styles | 198 | |
Gender Bias in English | 204 | |
Summary | 212 | |
References | 213 | |
Ch. 8 | Cross-Cultural Studies of Language and Gender | 215 |
Gender-Exclusive Patterns | 215 | |
Linguistic and Stylistic Preferences | 221 | |
Images of Gender in Linguistic Form | 234 | |
Summary | 239 | |
References | 240 | |
Ch. 9 | Language Learning | 242 |
Acquisition of Language | 243 | |
Complex Grammars | 248 | |
Comparative Evidence | 259 | |
Some Universal Sequences | 266 | |
Instructional Strategies | 268 | |
Summary | 273 | |
References | 273 | |
Ch. 10 | Acquisition of Communicative Competence | 276 |
Acquiring Communicative Styles | 276 | |
Learning Status and Role | 283 | |
Learning to Converse | 292 | |
Summary | 301 | |
References | 301 | |
Ch. 11 | Multilingual Nations | 303 |
India | 304 | |
Canada | 311 | |
The United States | 321 | |
Summary | 338 | |
References | 338 | |
Ch. 12 | Bilingual Communities | 341 |
Linguistic Change | 342 | |
Language Use in Bilingual Communities | 346 | |
Bilingual Conversational Strategies | 352 | |
Interethnic Miscommunication | 360 | |
Summary | 365 | |
References | 365 | |
Ch. 13 | Language and Institutional Encounters | 367 |
Language and Status | 367 | |
Institutional Contexts | 370 | |
Education | 371 | |
Medical Encounters | 375 | |
Legal Settings | 380 | |
The Media | 386 | |
Summary | 389 | |
References | 390 | |
Glossary | 392 | |
Index | 398 |