How Globalization Spurs Terrorism: The Lopsided Benefits of "One World" and Why That Fuels Violence »

FATHALI M. MOGHADDAM is Professor, Department of Psychology and Director, Conflict Resolution Program, Department of Government, at Georgetown University. He is also Senior Fellow at the Center for Interdisciplinary Policy, Education and Research on Terrorism. Dr. Moghaddam has been published extensively on the psychology of intergroup conflict, subjective justice, radicalization, and terrorism. The American Psychological Association's Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence awarded Dr. Moghaddam its 2007 Lifetime Achievement Award. His most recent books include From the Terrorists' Point of View: What They Experience and Why They Come to Destroy (Praeger Security International, 2006) and Multiculturalism and Intergroup Relations: Psychological Implications for Democracy in Global Context (2008).

This book explores modern Islamic terrorism in the context of globalization and cultural evolution. 21st century terrorism is different and new, first because it relies heavily on electronic communication systems and other aspects of modern technologies, and second, because it is in large part a product of fractured globalization, with its associated threats to the collective identity of Muslims. Part one of this work contrasts globalization as an ideal with globalization as it is actually taking place, with its enormous contradictions and threats. Moghaddam, a longtime and highly respected terrorism and conflict researcher, argues that globalization is resulting in serious threats to the basic psychological needs of some, particularly in connection with collective identity. Part two explores how globalization has brought sudden contact between different groups with no previous history of large-scale contact, resulting in a rapid decline in diversity. Terrorism is one of the dysfunctional defense mechanisms of people in such conditions, facing external threats. Part three describes long-term solutions, focusing particularly on the role of women and the nature of the family in traditional Islamic societies.

Moghaddam shows us why globalization is resulting in what he calls catastrophic evolution, the rapid decline and disappearance of minority cultures and languages, and why that brings a clash of ideologies and the rise of extremism. There are also other dangerous trends, and those call for inspired solutions, springing from an understanding that traditional conflict-resolution, evolved in the shadow of the Cold War, is no longer effective and needs to change.

Ch. 1 A Dangerous New World 1

Pt. 1 The Global Context of Terrorism 19

Ch. 2 The Psychological Citizen and Globalization 21

Ch. 3 Universal Needs and the Psychological Roots of Radicalization and Terrorism 37

Ch. 4 One World: Globalization as Ideal 53

Ch. 5 Fractured Globalization: Globalization in Practice 73

Pt. 2 Catastrophic Evolution and Terrorism 91

Ch. 6 Intergroup Contact and Catastrophic Evolution 95

Ch. 7 Threatened Identities, Change, and Globalization 109

Ch. 8 Universal Rights and Duties as Explosive Threats 125

Pt. 3 The New Global American Dilemma 141

Ch. 9 The American Dilemma Becomes Global 143

Afterward: The Veiled Solitude - Women as the Solution 159

Notes 167

References 179

Name Index 189

Subject Index 193