Authors: Carol M. Bast, Margie A. Hawkins, Margie Hawkins
ISBN-13: 9780766831643, ISBN-10: 0766831647
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Date Published: August 2001
Edition: 2nd Edition
Carol M. Bast, J.D., is an associate professor in the Legal Studies Program in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Central Florida
Margie Hawkins received her Masters of Library and Information Science (MLIS) degree from the University of South Florida, and is a member of Beta Phi Mu, the international library and information science honor society. She holds undergraduate degrees in History and Legal Studies from the University of Central Florida. She is a member of the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL), the Florida-Caribbean Chapter of the Special Libraries Association (SLA), and the Orange County Bar Association. She served on the Advisory Committee for the Valencia Community College Paralegal Studies Program (1993-2006). Ms. Hawkins is a co-author of the 2nd and 3rd editions of Foundations of Legal Research and Writing. Her area of expertise is computer-assisted legal research and the Internet. Margie is the Librarian for the Orlando office of Holland & Knight LLP.
This textbook for paralegal and legal studies provides instruction for conducting legal research both in the law library and on the computer. It explains the basis of legal analysis and writing, and details the correct citation form. Chapters discuss law and the sources of the law, legal reasoning and analysis, secondary sources and finding tools, the judicial branch and its cases, primary sources, citations, the research process, computer-assisted research, transmittal letters and client opinion letters, contracts, pleadings, office memos, memorandum of law, and appellate briefs.
Annotation © Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Table of Cases | xii | |
Preface | xiii | |
Organization of the text | xiii | |
New to this edition | xv | |
Supplemental resources | xv | |
Acknowledgments | xvi | |
Introduction | xviii | |
Chapter 1 | Law and Sources of Law | 1 |
Introduction | 1 | |
The American system of law | 1 | |
Our tripartite system | 6 | |
Interplay among the three branches of government in lawmaking | 8 | |
Sources of law | 14 | |
Chapter 2 | Legal Reasoning and Analysis | 18 |
Introduction | 18 | |
An illustrative fact pattern | 19 | |
Doctrine of stare decisis | 19 | |
Judicial opinions | 25 | |
Deductive reasoning | 27 | |
Legal analysis of statutory law | 28 | |
Legal analysis of constitutional law | 34 | |
The interpretation process | 37 | |
Chapter 3 | Secondary Sources and Finding Tools | 42 |
Introduction | 42 | |
Encyclopedias | 42 | |
American Law Reports | 54 | |
Attorney General opinions | 66 | |
Restatements of the Law | 67 | |
Treatises | 68 | |
Legal dictionaries | 69 | |
Legal directories | 75 | |
Formbooks | 75 | |
Looseleaf services | 81 | |
Legal periodicals | 82 | |
Internet material | 85 | |
Digests | 86 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Legal Encyclopedias | 98 | |
Legal Research Assignment--American Law Reports | 100 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Digests | 102 | |
Chapter 4 | The Judicial Branch and Cases | 105 |
Introduction | 105 | |
The judicial branch | 105 | |
Reading cases | 120 | |
Briefing a case | 139 | |
Location of cases | 141 | |
Case citations | 143 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Reading Cases | 149 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Case Law | 150 | |
Chapter 5 | Primary Sources: Constitutions, Statutes, Court Rules, and Administrative Law | 152 |
Introduction | 152 | |
Constitutions | 152 | |
Statutes | 156 | |
Court rules | 189 | |
Administrative law | 195 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Constitutions | 214 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Statutes | 215 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Court Rules | 216 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Administrative Law | 218 | |
Chapter 6 | Citators | 220 |
Introduction | 220 | |
Citators | 221 | |
Shepardizing procedure | 225 | |
Statutes | 242 | |
KeyCite | 255 | |
Legal Research Assignment--Citators | 260 | |
Chapter 7 | Overview of the Research Process | 262 |
Introduction | 263 | |
Gathering information | 263 | |
Identification of key terms | 266 | |
Basic approaches to legal research | 267 | |
Currency | 269 | |
Learning about the general topic | 269 | |
Locating primary sources | 270 | |
Relationship among research tools | 272 | |
Chapter 8 | CALR: Computer-Assisted Legal Research | 278 |
Introduction | 278 | |
History of Computer-Assisted Legal Research (CALR) | 278 | |
Electronic information formats | 279 | |
Computer-Assisted Legal Research tools | 281 | |
Legislative databases | 283 | |
Business information databases | 284 | |
Investigative and public records databases | 287 | |
Legal citation: electronic formats | 290 | |
CALR: pros and cons | 291 | |
Chapter 9 | The Internet in a Nutshell | 296 |
Introduction | 296 | |
Accessing the information superhighway | 298 | |
Navigating the Internet | 299 | |
The Internet as a research tool | 302 | |
Evaluative guidelines for selecting Internet resources | 310 | |
Future trends | 310 | |
Legal Research Assignment--The Internet | 316 | |
Chapter 10 | Cyberlaw: Using the Internet as a Legal Research Tool | 318 |
Introduction | 318 | |
Available resources | 319 | |
The bad news: what is [currently] not available | 321 | |
Free vs. fee-based | 321 | |
Legal resources on the Internet | 322 | |
Government information on the Internet | 322 | |
Litigation support | 323 | |
Limitations to using the Internet as a research tool | 324 | |
Cyber-citation | 324 | |
Copyright concerns in the digital environment | 325 | |
Future trends | 326 | |
Legal Research Assignment--the Internet | 329 | |
Chapter 11 | Introduction to Legal Writing | 331 |
Introduction | 334 | |
Types of legal writing | 339 | |
Chapter 12 | Fundamentals of Writing | 347 |
Introduction | 347 | |
Writing process | 347 | |
Structure | 348 | |
Mechanical errors | 352 | |
More legal writing advice | 355 | |
Chapter 13 | Transmittal Letter and Client Opinion Letter | 365 |
Introduction | 365 | |
Purpose of the transmittal letter | 365 | |
Style of letters | 365 | |
Purpose of the client opinion letter | 374 | |
Format of the client opinion letter | 375 | |
Sample client opinion letters | 375 | |
Chapter 14 | Writing Contracts | 386 |
Introduction | 386 | |
What is covered in this chapter | 386 | |
The substance of the contract | 387 | |
Writing a contract | 389 | |
Checklist of matters to be considered when writing a contract for the sale of goods | 390 | |
The perfect contract | 391 | |
Checklist for an employment contract | 398 | |
Organization and format | 399 | |
A type of employment agreement--the attorney-client retainer agreement | 401 | |
Chapter 15 | Pleadings | 419 |
Introduction | 419 | |
Purpose and use | 419 | |
Format | 422 | |
Format of the complaint | 425 | |
Format of the answer | 426 | |
Evidentiary facts, ultimate facts, and legal conclusions | 429 | |
First sample set of pleadings | 432 | |
Second sample set of pleadings | 436 | |
Cyber Examples | 441 | |
Chapter 16 | Law Office Memo | 442 |
Introduction | 442 | |
Purpose and use | 442 | |
Style | 443 | |
Format | 443 | |
First sample office memo | 451 | |
Second office memo | 457 | |
Communicating clearly with the reader | 463 | |
Chapter 17 | Memorandum of Law | 469 |
Introduction | 469 | |
Purpose and use | 469 | |
Style | 471 | |
Organization | 471 | |
Format | 472 | |
First sample memorandum of law | 464 | |
Second sample memorandum of law | 480 | |
Chapter 18 | Appellate Brief | 487 |
Introduction | 487 | |
Purpose and use | 488 | |
Format | 490 | |
First sample appellate brief | 497 | |
Second sample appellate brief | 506 | |
Appendices | 517 | |
Appendix A | Search and Seizure | 517 |
Introduction | 517 | |
The Williams search and seizure problem | 517 | |
Examples of Primary and Secondary Sources Found after researching search and seizure problem | 518 | |
Research and writing exercises | 519 | |
Flowchart for office memo on Williams Brothers | 519 | |
Sample outline for office memo | 521 | |
Appendix B | Citation Rules | 556 |
General citation tips | 556 | |
United States Supreme Court cases | 557 | |
United States courts of appeals | 557 | |
United States district courts | 557 | |
Citations for constitutions | 558 | |
Citations for statutes | 558 | |
Citations for court rules | 558 | |
Citations for administrative law | 559 | |
Citations to legal encyclopedias | 559 | |
Citations to American Law Reports | 559 | |
Citations to attorneys general opinions | 559 | |
Citations to restatements | 559 | |
Citation to a treatise | 560 | |
Citation to a legal dictionary | 560 | |
Citation to a law review article | 560 | |
Citation to Internet material | 560 | |
Cyber citations | 560 | |
Appendix C | Rules for Quotations and Short Form Citations | 561 |
Introduction | 561 | |
Quotations | 561 | |
Short form citations | 566 | |
Short form citations for statutes | 566 | |
Exercises on short form citations | 567 | |
Appendix D | Mechanical Errors | 568 |
Introduction | 568 | |
Excess words | 568 | |
Use of apostrophes | 570 | |
Sentence fragments | 570 | |
Run-on sentences | 573 | |
Parallel construction | 574 | |
Antecedents | 576 | |
Active versus passive voice | 577 | |
Change in tenses | 579 | |
Combination of errors | 580 | |
Appendix E | Problems | 581 |
Was swimming pool an attractive nuisance? | 581 | |
Defamation | 582 | |
The nightmare property | 583 | |
I wonder what is in the package | 584 | |
Appendix F | Web Bibliography: Company Information on the Internet | 586 |
Appendix G | Internet Terminology | 588 |
Appendix H | Bibliography of Evaluative Criteria Web Sites | 591 |
Appendix I | Legal Research "Starting Points" | 592 |
Appendix J | Federal Law Resources | 594 |
Appendix K | State and Local Resources | 597 |
Appendix L | International Law Resources | 598 |
Appendix M | Commercial Legal Information Web Sites | 599 |
Appendix N | Topical Index of Legal and Government Web Sites | 600 |
Appendix O | Law-Related Internet Discussion Groups (Lists) | 604 |
Glossary | 605 | |
Index | 615 |