Authors: Karen Seccombe, Susan G. Ferguson
ISBN-13: 9780205502547, ISBN-10: 0205502547
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
Date Published: November 2006
Edition: 1st Edition
Karen Seccombe, Ph.D./MSW, is a sociologist and Professor of Community Health at Portland State University, whose research focuses on social stratification and family sociology. Her work on the health and well-being of poor families, and on the affect of U.S. health and welfare policies, appears frequently in leading social science journals. She is the author of several other books including “So You Think I Drive a Cadillac?” Welfare Recipients’ Perspective on the System and Its Reform, Second Edition (Allyn and Bacon, 2007), Families and their Social Worlds (Allyn & Bacon, 2008), and (with K. Hoffman) Just Don't Get Sick: Access to Health Care in the Aftermath of Welfare Reform (Rutgers University Press, 2007).
The "Families in the 21st Century" Series Editor is Susan Ferguson, Associate Professor of Sociology at Grinnell College. Her own research interests include the never-married and women's health issues. She is the author of Shifting the Center: Understanding Contemporary Families, 3/e (McGraw-Hill, 2007).
Book Synopsis
Poverty is a social problem, and finding solutions requires us to look closely at our society, laws and social institutions. Families in Poverty brings together the best and most recent quantitative and qualitative data to examine poverty among U.S. families, the problems poor families face, and discusses how solutions to poverty do exist. Some major topics found in the text include: Trends in poverty in the United States; Discussion on how poverty is measured and defined; Critiques on several explanations of poverty; Consequences of poverty on children and adults; Labor market issues such as unemployment, minimum wage, employer-sponsored fringe benefits; Programs in the United States designed to eliminate or red.
Table of Contents
Families in the Twenty-First Century vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments x
About the Author xi
Putting a Face on Poverty 1
Dee 1
What Are Dee's Options? 5
Kate 7
Why Is Kate's Family Poor? 11
Robert and Maria 13
What Can We Learn from Robert and Maria? 18
Poverty Is a Structural Problem 19
Conclusion and Organization 21
Who Are the Poor, and What Exactly Is Poverty, Anyway? 25
How Many Are Poor? 26
Race, Ethnicity, and Poverty 26
Children in Poverty 27
Other Parts of the Story 28
Pearl's Family: Living in Extreme Poverty 29
How Is Poverty Measured? 31
Absolute Measures 31
Poverty Threshold (Lines) vs. Poverty Guidelines 35
Criticisms of the U.S. Poverty Thresholds (and Guidelines) 36
Relative Measures 37
Inequality in Wealth and Income 39
Social Class 41
The Upper Class 42
The Upper Middle Class 43
The MiddleClass 43
The Working Class 44
The Working Poor 44
The Underclass 45
How Does Social Class Affect Our Lives? 45
Living Poorly: Poverty's Effects on Children and Their Parents 51
Carlos 52
Physical Health 54
Birth Outcomes 55
Lead Paint Poisoning 55
Food Insecurity and Hunger 56
Access to Healthcare 58
Cognitive Abilities and School Achievement 60
Children's Mental Health, Social Adjustment, and Well-being 62
Consequences for Adults 63
Pathways 65
Health and Nutrition 65
Quality of the Home Environment 69
Parental Stress and Mental Health 71
Fewer Resources for Learning 71
Housing Problems 73
Poor Quality Neighborhoods 74
How Americans View Poverty: Why Are So Many Families Poor? 79
Historical Views About Poverty 80
Colonial America 80
The Nineteenth Century 81
Black Americans 83
Mexican Americans 85
Native Americans 87
Current Views About Poverty 88
Individualism 89
Social Structuralism 94
Culture of Poverty 98
Fatalism 102
Welfare and Its Reform: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) 107
History of Cash Assistance Programs 107
Mothers' Pensions 108
Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) 108
Growing Caseloads and Growing Concerns 110
The 1960s and the War on Poverty 111
Precursor to Welfare Reform 113
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF): "Ending Welfare As We Know It" 116
How TANF Works 118
State Policies and State Variation 122
Other TANF Policies and Regulations 124
What Do Welfare Recipients Think of Welfare Reform? 125
How Is TANF Working? Research Findings 128
Poverty Rates Among Families That Leave TANF Are Very High 130
Families That Left Welfare Recently Are More At Risk Than Early TANF-Leavers 130
Families Leaving Welfare Are More Likely to Have Significant Health Problems 132
A Large Share of Very Poor and Needy Families Do Not Receive TANF 134
Childcare Assistance Is Crucial to Helping Families Move from Welfare to Work 134
Building Resiliency: Programs and Policies for Families 137
Family Resiliency 137
Individual, Family, and Community Factors 138
What Is Missing? Structural Conditions 140
Food Stamp Program 140
Eligibility 142
Characteristics of Food Stamp Households 143
Inadequacy of Food Stamps 144
Health Insurance 146
The Stress of Being Uninsured 148
Medicaid 151
State Plans: The Oregon Health Plan 152
SCHIP 153
Medicare 154
Head Start 155
The Earned Income Tax Credit 157
Social Security 158
Can Poverty Be Eliminated? Lessons We Could Learn 163
Reasons for High Poverty in the United States 164
Comparative Family Policies 168
Family Allowance 169
Childcare Policies 171
Maternity and Parental Leaves 175
Case Study: France 180
Conclusion 183
References 185
Index 207
Subjects