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Environmental Diplomacy; Negotiating More Effective Global Agreements » (1st Edition)

Book cover image of Environmental Diplomacy; Negotiating More Effective Global Agreements by Lawrence E. Susskind

Authors: Lawrence E. Susskind
ISBN-13: 9780195075946, ISBN-10: 0195075943
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Date Published: February 1994
Edition: 1st Edition

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Author Biography: Lawrence E. Susskind

Lawrence E. Susskind is Professor of Urban and Environmental Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Director of the MIT-Harvard Public Disputes Program at Harvard Law Shool. His research and teaching focus on environmental management and the resolution of environmental disputes.

Book Synopsis

Solutions to environmental problems require international cooperation, but global environmental treaty-making efforts, including the 1992 U.N.-sponsored Earth Summit in Brazil, have not accomplished much. International cooperation has been hampered by the conflicts between the developed nations of the North and the developing nations of the South; by the fact that science cannot accurately predict when or how environmental threats will materialize; and by the problem that the United Nations treaty-making system was never meant to handle threats to the environment.

Lawrence Susskind looks at the weaknesses of the existing system of environmental treaty-making and the increasing role of non-governmental interests in environmental diplomacy. Environmental Diplomacy argues for "nearly self-enforcing" agreements that ensure compliance without threatening sovereignty and maintains that new institutional arrangements are within reach. Susskind builds on the work of the Program on Negotiation at the Harvard Law School and the International Environmental Negotiation Network to offer guidelines for more effective global agreements that provide for sustainable development.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations
1What Is This Book About?3
2The Weaknesses of the Existing Environmental Treaty-making System11
Knowing How to Measure Success13
Three Serious Obstacles to Global Cooperation18
An Inadequate Legal Structure24
Fundamental Flaws in the Convention-Protocol Approach30
The Earth Summit as an Illustration37
3Representation and Voting43
Why Countries Participate44
Only Countries Vote46
The Majority Does Not Rule48
"Unofficials" Have Key Roles to Play49
Who Represents Future Generations?53
The Power of the Secretariat58
There Is No Consensus-Building Process61
4The Need for a Better Balance Between Science and Politics62
There Will Always Be Uncertainty66
Giving Science Its Due68
Adversary Science Undermines Trust71
Are There Really "Epistemic Communities" of Scientists?73
Ongoing Roles For Scientific Advisers76
No Regrets and the Precautionary Principle78
Contingent Agreements Are the Answer80
5The Advantages and Disadvantages of Issue Linkage82
A Lesson in Negotiation Arithmetic87
The Theory of Linkage91
Dealing with the Threat of Blackmail92
Managing the Complexity94
Linkage Guidelines97
6Monitoring and Enforcement in the Face of Sovereignty99
Technical and Legal Difficulties99
A Theory of Compliance107
Getting Around the Sovereignty Problem113
Nearly Self-Enforcing Agreements117
Do We Need the Green Police?120
7Reforming the System: The Salzburg Initiative and Other Proposals for Change122
The Salzburg Initiative123
Synchronizing Worldwide Expectations139
A New Three-Stage Process141
What We Need from the United Nations147
Appendix A: Selected Global Environmental Treaties151
Appendix B: Declaration of the Right to Nature Conservation, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development176
Notes181
Selected Readings189
Index195

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