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Encyclopedia of Volcanoes » (1st Edition)

Book cover image of Encyclopedia of Volcanoes by Bruce Houghton

Authors: Bruce Houghton, Hazel Rymer, John Stix, Steve McNutt, Haraldur Sigurdsson
ISBN-13: 9780126431407, ISBN-10: 012643140X
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Date Published: October 1999
Edition: 1st Edition

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Author Biography: Bruce Houghton

Book Synopsis

Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, if sometimes deadly, destructiveness.

Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes. Through its thematic organization around the melting of the earth, it provides a comprehensive source of information on the multidisciplinary influences of volcanic eruptions - both the destructive and the beneficial aspects.

(Stephen Blake, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, IAVCEI News) - Stephen Blake

The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes covers just about everything one could wish to know about volcanoes and at 1,359 pages of text no other single book can hope to compete with the mass of volcanological information it contains (all 3.5 kg of it). Written by 112 expert authors, the Encyclopedia of Volcanoes will be the reference work for a long time....Undergraduate geology students, professional volcanologists, planetologists, and historians of science will find the Encyclopedia has something for them. With so much material on display, the Encyclopedia is a browser's delight and members of sub-disciplines will find their interests being pulled towards new undreamt of areas of volcanology as they flick through the pages. It's difficult to stop reading it...All science libraries should have a copy.

Table of Contents

Article Index
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Guide to the Encyclopedia
Introduction1
The History of Volcanology15
Pt. IOrigin and Transport of Magma
Mantle of the Earth41
Melting the Mantle55
Migration of Melt69
Plate Tectonics and Volcanism89
Composition of Magmas115
Origin of Magmas133
Volatiles in Magmas149
Physical Properties of Magmas171
Magma Chambers191
Rates of Magma Ascent207
Plumbing Systems219
Magma Ascent at Shallow Levels237
Pt. IIEruption
Earth's Volcanoes and Eruptions: An Overview249
Sizes of Volcanic Eruptions263
Volcanic Episodes and Rates of Volcanism271
Pt. IIIEffusive Volcanism
Basaltic Volcanoes and Volcanic Systems283
Lava Flows and Flow Fields291
Lava Domes and Coulees307
Lava Fountains and Their Products321
Basaltic Volcanic Fields331
Flood Basalt Provinces345
Submarine Lavas and Hyaloclastite361
Seamounts and Island Building383
Subglacial Eruptions403
Pt. IVExplosive Volcanism
Magmatic Fragmentation421
Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation431
Hawaiian and Strombolian Eruptions447
Vulcanian Eruptions463
Plinian and Subplinian Eruptions477
Surtseyan and Related Phreatomagmatic Eruptions495
Phreatoplinian Eruptions513
Volcanic Plumes527
Pyroclast Transport and Deposition545
Pyroclastic Fall Deposits555
Pyroclastic Surges and Blasts571
Ignimbrites and Block-and-Ash Flow Deposits581
Lahars601
Debris Avalanches617
Volcaniclastic Sedimentation Around Island Arcs627
Calderas643
Composite Volcanoes663
Scoria Cones and Tuff Rings683
Pt. VExtraterrestrial Volcanism
Volcanism on the Moon697
Volcanism on Io709
Volcanism on Venus727
Volcanism on Mars771
Cryovolcanism in the Outer Solar System785
Pt. VIVolcanic Interactions
Volcanic Gases803
Geothermal Systems817
Surface Manifestations of Geothermal Systems with Volcanic Heat Sources835
Deep Ocean Hydrothermal Vents857
Volcanic Lakes877
Mineral Deposits Associated with Volcanism897
Pt. VIIVolcanic Hazards
Volcanic Ash Hazards to Aviation915
Volcanic Aerosol and Global Atmospheric Effects931
Hazards from Pyroclastic Flows and Surges945
Lava Flow Hazards957
The Hazard from Lahars and Jokulhlaups973
Hazards of Volcanic Gases997
Volcanic Tsunamis1005
Volcanic Seismicity1015
Impacts of Eruptions on Human Health1035
Volcanic Contributions to the Carbon and Sulfur Geochemical Cycles and Global Change1045
The Ecology of Volcanoes: Recovery and Reassembly of Living Communities1057
Volcanism and Biotic Extinctions1083
Pt. VIIIEruption Response and Mitigation
Seismic Monitoring1095
Ground Deformation, Gravity, and Magnetics1121
Gas, Plume, and Thermal Monitoring1141
Synthesis of Volcano Monitoring1165
Volcano Warnings1185
Volcanic Crises Management1199
Volcanic Hazards and Risk Management1215
Risk Education and Intervention1229
Pt. IXEconomic Benefits and Cultural Aspects of Volcanism
Exploitation of Geothermal Resources1243
Volcanic Soils1259
Volcanic Materials in Commerce and Industry1271
Volcanoes and Tourism1283
Archaeology and Volcanism1301
Volcanoes in Art1315
Volcanoes in Literature and Film1339
App. 1: Common Units and Conversion Factors1361
App. 2Catalog of Historically Active Volcanoes on Earth1365
Acknowledgments1385
Index1389

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