Authors: Bruce Houghton, Hazel Rymer, John Stix, Steve McNutt, Haraldur Sigurdsson
ISBN-13: 9780126431407, ISBN-10: 012643140X
Format: Hardcover
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Date Published: October 1999
Edition: 1st Edition
Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, if sometimes deadly, destructiveness.
Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes. Through its thematic organization around the melting of the earth, it provides a comprehensive source of information on the multidisciplinary influences of volcanic eruptions - both the destructive and the beneficial aspects.
The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes covers just about everything one could wish to know about volcanoes and at 1,359 pages of text no other single book can hope to compete with the mass of volcanological information it contains (all 3.5 kg of it). Written by 112 expert authors, the Encyclopedia of Volcanoes will be the reference work for a long time....Undergraduate geology students, professional volcanologists, planetologists, and historians of science will find the Encyclopedia has something for them. With so much material on display, the Encyclopedia is a browser's delight and members of sub-disciplines will find their interests being pulled towards new undreamt of areas of volcanology as they flick through the pages. It's difficult to stop reading it...All science libraries should have a copy.
Article Index | ||
Contributors | ||
Foreword | ||
Preface | ||
Guide to the Encyclopedia | ||
Introduction | 1 | |
The History of Volcanology | 15 | |
Pt. I | Origin and Transport of Magma | |
Mantle of the Earth | 41 | |
Melting the Mantle | 55 | |
Migration of Melt | 69 | |
Plate Tectonics and Volcanism | 89 | |
Composition of Magmas | 115 | |
Origin of Magmas | 133 | |
Volatiles in Magmas | 149 | |
Physical Properties of Magmas | 171 | |
Magma Chambers | 191 | |
Rates of Magma Ascent | 207 | |
Plumbing Systems | 219 | |
Magma Ascent at Shallow Levels | 237 | |
Pt. II | Eruption | |
Earth's Volcanoes and Eruptions: An Overview | 249 | |
Sizes of Volcanic Eruptions | 263 | |
Volcanic Episodes and Rates of Volcanism | 271 | |
Pt. III | Effusive Volcanism | |
Basaltic Volcanoes and Volcanic Systems | 283 | |
Lava Flows and Flow Fields | 291 | |
Lava Domes and Coulees | 307 | |
Lava Fountains and Their Products | 321 | |
Basaltic Volcanic Fields | 331 | |
Flood Basalt Provinces | 345 | |
Submarine Lavas and Hyaloclastite | 361 | |
Seamounts and Island Building | 383 | |
Subglacial Eruptions | 403 | |
Pt. IV | Explosive Volcanism | |
Magmatic Fragmentation | 421 | |
Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation | 431 | |
Hawaiian and Strombolian Eruptions | 447 | |
Vulcanian Eruptions | 463 | |
Plinian and Subplinian Eruptions | 477 | |
Surtseyan and Related Phreatomagmatic Eruptions | 495 | |
Phreatoplinian Eruptions | 513 | |
Volcanic Plumes | 527 | |
Pyroclast Transport and Deposition | 545 | |
Pyroclastic Fall Deposits | 555 | |
Pyroclastic Surges and Blasts | 571 | |
Ignimbrites and Block-and-Ash Flow Deposits | 581 | |
Lahars | 601 | |
Debris Avalanches | 617 | |
Volcaniclastic Sedimentation Around Island Arcs | 627 | |
Calderas | 643 | |
Composite Volcanoes | 663 | |
Scoria Cones and Tuff Rings | 683 | |
Pt. V | Extraterrestrial Volcanism | |
Volcanism on the Moon | 697 | |
Volcanism on Io | 709 | |
Volcanism on Venus | 727 | |
Volcanism on Mars | 771 | |
Cryovolcanism in the Outer Solar System | 785 | |
Pt. VI | Volcanic Interactions | |
Volcanic Gases | 803 | |
Geothermal Systems | 817 | |
Surface Manifestations of Geothermal Systems with Volcanic Heat Sources | 835 | |
Deep Ocean Hydrothermal Vents | 857 | |
Volcanic Lakes | 877 | |
Mineral Deposits Associated with Volcanism | 897 | |
Pt. VII | Volcanic Hazards | |
Volcanic Ash Hazards to Aviation | 915 | |
Volcanic Aerosol and Global Atmospheric Effects | 931 | |
Hazards from Pyroclastic Flows and Surges | 945 | |
Lava Flow Hazards | 957 | |
The Hazard from Lahars and Jokulhlaups | 973 | |
Hazards of Volcanic Gases | 997 | |
Volcanic Tsunamis | 1005 | |
Volcanic Seismicity | 1015 | |
Impacts of Eruptions on Human Health | 1035 | |
Volcanic Contributions to the Carbon and Sulfur Geochemical Cycles and Global Change | 1045 | |
The Ecology of Volcanoes: Recovery and Reassembly of Living Communities | 1057 | |
Volcanism and Biotic Extinctions | 1083 | |
Pt. VIII | Eruption Response and Mitigation | |
Seismic Monitoring | 1095 | |
Ground Deformation, Gravity, and Magnetics | 1121 | |
Gas, Plume, and Thermal Monitoring | 1141 | |
Synthesis of Volcano Monitoring | 1165 | |
Volcano Warnings | 1185 | |
Volcanic Crises Management | 1199 | |
Volcanic Hazards and Risk Management | 1215 | |
Risk Education and Intervention | 1229 | |
Pt. IX | Economic Benefits and Cultural Aspects of Volcanism | |
Exploitation of Geothermal Resources | 1243 | |
Volcanic Soils | 1259 | |
Volcanic Materials in Commerce and Industry | 1271 | |
Volcanoes and Tourism | 1283 | |
Archaeology and Volcanism | 1301 | |
Volcanoes in Art | 1315 | |
Volcanoes in Literature and Film | 1339 | |
App. 1: Common Units and Conversion Factors | 1361 | |
App. 2 | Catalog of Historically Active Volcanoes on Earth | 1365 |
Acknowledgments | 1385 | |
Index | 1389 |