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An Introduction to Early Judaism »

Book cover image of An Introduction to Early Judaism by James C. VanderKam

Authors: James C. VanderKam
ISBN-13: 9780802846419, ISBN-10: 0802846416
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Eerdmans, William B. Publishing Company
Date Published: November 2000
Edition: (Non-applicable)

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Author Biography: James C. VanderKam

Book Synopsis

A fascinating survey of Jewish history—from Persia to Masada.

James C. VanderKam, one of today s most respected scholars of biblical history and the Dead Sea Scrolls, here offers a superb new introduction to early Judaism. Based on the best, most recent archaeological research, this illustrated volume explores the history of Judaism during the Second Temple period (516 B.C.E.–70 C.E.), describing the body of Jewish literature written during these centuries and the most important groups, institutions, and practices of the time. Particularly interesting are VanderKam s depiction of events associated with Masada and the Kokhba revolt, and his commentary on texts unearthed in places like Elephantine, Egypt, and Qumran. Scholarly yet written in the same accessible style as VanderKam s widely praised Dead Sea Scrolls Today, this volume is the finest introduction to early Judaism available.

  • Written by a leading expert in the field
  • Based on the latest archaeological research
  • Includes photos, maps, and valuable bibliographies
  • Scholarly yet accessible to students and general readers
"

Frank Moore Cross

James VanderKam has written a superb introduction to early Judaism, including its history, literature, and religious institutions—a handbook that will be useful to every student or scholar who is interested in this period. VanderKam's sketch of the history and literature of the period is written simply and precisely, unencumbered by footnotes. His book, however, reveals a full, critical knowledge of the field. His epitomes of the literature of the period are particularly well done—brief, generally conservative in discussing debated issues, leaving out little of importance. New lore from the Dead Sea Scrolls and data from recent excavations are also well treated. I recommend this volume without qualification.

Table of Contents

Prefacexi
1.The Time of the Second Temple1
The Persian Period (538-332 BCE)1
Beginnings2
Events in Yehud (Judah)3
The Work of Ezra and Nehemiah3
Jaddua and Alexander the Great6
Events in Egypt7
Events in Babylon and Persia9
The Hellenistic Age (332-63 BCE)11
Ptolemaic Control of Egypt and Judea (ca. 305-198 BCE)12
Ptolemy I and Judea12
Ptolemy II and the Greek Translation of the Torah13
The Tobiad Romance14
Seleucid Control/Influence in Judea (198-63 BCE)16
Antiochus III (223-187 BCE)16
Antiochus IV, High Priests, and Hellenism18
The Hasmonean State (ca. 140-63 BCE)24
Simon (142-134 BCE)25
John Hyrcanus (134-104 BCE)27
Aristobulus I (104-103 BCE) and Kingship28
Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE)29
Salome Alexandra (76-67 BCE)30
Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II (67-63 BCE)31
The Roman Period (63 BCE and Beyond)32
The Early Years (63-37 BCE)32
Herod (37-4 BCE) and Archelaus (4 BCE-6 CE)36
Direct Roman Rule (6-66 CE)39
The First Jewish Revolt against Rome (66-73 CE)41
The Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135 CE)48
Appendix on Egyptian Judaism49
2.Jewish Literature of the Second Temple Period53
Second Temple Texts in the Hebrew Bible53
The Classification of Second Temple Literature54
Apocrypha54
The Catholic Deuterocanonical Books55
Works in Greek Bibles but Not in the Hebrew Bible55
Pseudepigrapha56
Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period59
Narrative Works59
Histories59
(1)1 Esdras59
(2)1 Maccabees62
(3)2 Maccabees65
Tales69
(1)Tobit69
(2)Judith72
(3)Susanna75
(4)3 Maccabees78
(5)Letter of Aristeas81
(6)The Greek Esther85
Rewritten Scripture88
1 Enoch88
(1)The Astronomical Book of Enoch (1 Enoch 72-82)89
(2)The Book of the Watchers (1 Enoch 1-36)91
Aramaic Levi94
The Book of Jubilees97
The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs100
Apocalypses102
The Apocalypse of Weeks (1 Enoch 93:3-10; 91:11-17)103
The Book of Dreams (1 Enoch 83-90)105
Sibylline Oracles107
The Similitudes or Parables of Enoch (1 Enoch 37-71)110
The Testament of Moses113
Wisdom Literature115
The Wisdom of Ben Sira115
The Epistle of Enoch (1 Enoch 91-107 [108])119
Baruch (or 1 Baruch)121
The Wisdom of Solomon124
Poetic Works128
The Psalms of Solomon128
The Prayer of Manasseh132
The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Men133
Mockery of Idols135
The Letter of Jeremiah135
Bel and the Dragon136
Philo and Josephus138
Philo of Alexandria138
Josephus142
Great Archeological Discoveries147
The Elephantine Papyri147
The Dead Sea Scrolls150
(1)The Manuscripts and Fragments151
(2)Archeological Evidence158
(3)The Qumran Community and Its History160
Masada166
(1)The Story166
(2)Archeological Evidence170
3.Synthesis: Leaders, Groups, and Institutions175
Rulers and Leaders176
The Priests176
High Priest176
Leading Priests181
Ordinary Priests182
Civil Rulers183
Sanhedrin/Council184
Groups186
Early Second Temple Period186
Late Hellenistic and Roman Times187
Pharisees187
Sadducees189
Essenes191
Others192
Worship193
The Temple194
The Temple Structure194
The Sacrificial System203
Festivals204
(1)Passover204
(2)The Festival of Unleavened Bread204
(3)Second Passover205
(4)The Festival of Weeks205
(5)The First of the Seventh Month206
(6)The Day of Atonement206
(7)The Festival of Tabernacles (or Booths)207
(8)Hanukkah207
(9)Purim208
Other Forms of Worship208
(1)Music208
(2)Prayer210
The Synagogue211
Scriptures213
Groups of Authoritative Writings213
Versions215
Interpretation216
Bibliography219
Index225

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