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A Sanskrit Grammar »

Authors: William Dwight Whitney
ISBN-13: 9781144969255, ISBN-10: 1144969255
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Nabu Press
Date Published: February 2010
Edition: (Non-applicable)

Author Biography: William Dwight Whitney

Book Synopsis

This Dover edition is an unabridged reprint of the third edition of A Sanskrit Grammar, Including both the Classical Language, and the older Dialects, of Veda and Brahmana, originally published by Ginn and Company, Boston, 1896. Whitney's (1827-1894) text remains one of the few Sanskrit grammars currently available, and will increase the accessibility of ancient Indian literature to students of Indian culture and history. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

	Preface	iii
	Introduction	ix
I.	Alphabet	1
II.	System of Sounds; Pronunciation	10
	Vowels	10
	Consonants	13
	Quantity	27
	Accent	28
III.	Rules of Euphonic Combination	34
	Introductory	34
	Principles	37
	Rules of Vowel Combination	42
	Permitted Finals	49
	Deaspiration	53
	Surd and Sonant Assimilation	54
	Combinations of Final s and r	56
	Conversion of s to s	61
	Conversion of n to n	54
	Conversion of Dental Mutes to Linguals and Palatals	66
	Combinations of Final n	69
	Combinations of Final m	71
	The Palatal Mutes and Sibilant, and h	72
	The Lingual Sibilant	77
	Extension and Abbreviation	78
	Strengthening and Weakening Processes	81
	Guna and Vrddhi	81
	Vowel-lengthening	84
	Vowel-lightening	85
	Nasal Increment	86
	Reduplication	87
IV.	Declension	88
	Gender, Number, Case	88
	Uses of the Cases	89
	Endings of Declension	103
	Variation of Stem	107
	Accent in Declension	108
V.	Nouns and Adjectives	111
	Classification etc.	111
Declension I.	Stems in a	112
Declension II.	Stems in i and u	116
Declension III.	Stems in Long Vowels (a, i, u): A. Root-words etc.	124
	Stems in Diphthongs	130
	B. Derivative Stems etc.	131
Declension IV.	Stems in r or ar	137
Declension V.	Stems in Consonants	141
A.	Root-stems etc.	143
B.	Derivative Stems in as is, us	153
C.	Derivative Stems in an	156
D.	In in	161
E.	In ant or at	163
F.	Perfect Participles in vans	169
G.	Comparatives in yans or yas	172
	Comparison	173
VI.	Numerals	177
	Cardinals	177
	Ordinals etc.	183
VII.	Pronouns	185
	Personal	185
	Demonstrative	188
	Interrogative	194
	Relative	195
	Other Pronouns: Emphatic, Indefinite	196
	Nouns used pronominally	197
	Pronominal Derivatives, Possessives etc.	197
	Adjectives declined pronominally	199
VIII.	Conjugation	200
	Voice, Tense, Mode, Number, Person	200
	Verbal Adjectives and Nouns	203
	Secondary Conjugations	203
	Personal Endings	204
	Subjunctive Mode	209
	Optative	211
	Imperative	213
	Uses of the Modes	215
	Participles	220
	Augment	220
	Reduplication	222
	Accent of the Verb	223
IX.	The Present-System	227
	General	227
	Conjugations and Conjugation Classes	228
	Root-Class (second or ad-class)	231
	Reduplicating Class (third or hu-class)	242
	Nasal Class (seventh or rudh-class)	250
	nu and u-Classes (fifth and eighth, or su- and tan-classes)	254
	na-Class (ninth or kri-class)	260
	a-Class (first or bhu-class)	264
	Accented a-Class (sixth or tud-class)	269
	ya-Class (fourth or div-class)	271
	Accented ya-Class or Passive Conjugation	275
	So-called tenth or cur-class	277
	Uses of the Present and Imperfect	278
X.	The Perfect-System	279
	Perfect Tense	279
	Perfect Participle	291
	Modes of the Perfect	292
	Pluperfect	295
	Uses of the Perfect	295
XI.	The Aorist-Systems	297
	Classification	297
I.	Simple Aorist
1.	Root-Aorist	299
	Passive Aorist 3d sing	304
2.	The a-Aorist	305
II.
3.	Reduplicated Aorist	308
III.	Sibilant Aorist	313
4.	The s-Aorist	314
5.	The is-Aorist	320
6.	The sis-Aorist	323
7.	The sa-Aorist	325
	Precative	326
	Uses of the Aorist	328
XII.	The Future-Systems	330
I.	The s-Future	331
	Preterit of the s-Future, Conditional	334
II.	The Periphrastic Future	335
	Uses of the Futures and Conditional	337
XIII.	Verbal adjectives and Nouns: Participles, Infinitives, Gerunds	340
	Passive Participle in ta or na	340
	Past Active Participle in tavant	344
	Future Passive Participles, Gerundives	345
	Infinitives	347
	Uses of the Infinitives	351
	Gerunds	355
	Adverbial Gerund in am	359
XIV.	Derivative or Secondary Conjugation	360
I.	Passive	361
II.	Intensive	362
	Present-System	365
	Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.	370
III.	Desiderative	372
	Present-System	374
	Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.	376
IV.	Causative	378
	Present-System	380
	Perfect, Aorist, Future, etc.	383
V.	Denominative	386
XV.	Periphrastic and Compound Conjugation	391
	The Periphrastic Perfect	392
	Participial Periphrastic Phrases	394
	Composition with Prepositional Prefixes	395
	Other Verbal Compounds	400
XVI.	Indeclinables	403
	Adverbs	403
	Prepositions	414
	Conjunctions	416
	Interjections	417
XVII.	Derivation of Declinable Stems	418
A.	Primary Derivatives	420
B.	Secondary Derivatives	454
XVIII.	Formation of Compound Stems	480
	Classification	480
I.	Copulative Compounds	485
II.	Determinative Compounds	489
A.	Dependent Compounds	489
B.	Descriptive Compounds	494
III.	Secondary Adjective Compounds	501
A.	Possessive Compounds	501
B.	Compounds with Governed Final Member	511
	Adjective Compounds as Nouns and as Adverbs	512
	Anomalous Compounds	514
	Stem-finals altered in Composition	514
	Loose Construction with Compounds	515
	Appendix	516
A.	Examples of Various Sanskrit Type	516
B.	Example of Accentuated Text	518
	Synopsis of the conjugation of roots bhu and kr	520
	Sanskrit-Index	521
	General-Index	540

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A Sanskrit Grammar »

Author Biography: William Dwight Whitney

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