A Global History of Modern Historiography » (New Edition)

Georg Iggers is a distinguished professor emeritus from the State University of New York. He is a respected academic who has taught in the US, Asia and Europe. From 1995 - 2000 he was president of the International Commission for the History and Theory of Historiography. Having fled the Nazi’s as a child, he has been active in the Civil Rights movement in the US

Q. Edward Wang is professor and chairperson of the History Department at Rown University in Glassboro New Jersey. His main field is Asian history, but he has also taught courses on Western Civilization and Historiography and Historical Methods.

Supriya Mukherjee teaches at the University of Memphis with a focus on the history of the German Kaiserreich and Weimar periods, Contemporary History, and modern Indian issues.

A critical survey of historical thought and writing since the late eighteenth century from an intercultural, comparative global perspective.

• A comprehensive overview of historical thought and writing in the modern period.

• The first history of modern historiography which deals with the interaction of Western and non-Western historical thought.

• Sets historiography into its social, political and cultural context.

Preface and acknowledgements     x
Introduction     1
Historiographical traditions in the world: a view of the eighteenth century     19
Where we begin?     19
Transcultural comparisons     19
Characteristics of historiographical thought in different cultures     20
The West     21
Characteristics of Western historiography     21
The emergence of an Enlightenment worldview     22
Erudition and critical historical scholarship     24
Enlightenment historiography     26
German forms of Enlightenment     27
The emergence of a republic of letters     29
From universal history to Eurocentric ideas of progress     29
Concluding observations     32
The Middle East     32
The rise of Islam and the origin of Muslim historiography     33
Main styles in Muslim historiography     35
The bureaucratization and secularization of historiography     36
The decline of the Muslim world and Muslim historiography?     37
India     38
Western views on Indian historical consciousness     38
Indian forms of historical writing     40
Social and intellectual transformations duringthe early modern period     43
East and South East Asia     46
Shamanism and history: the origin of the 'shi'     46
The formation of Confucian historiography     47
The History Bureau and dynastic history     49
The spread and influence of dynastic historiography     50
'To seek the truth from facts': the rise of evidential learning     52
The advance of nationalism and nationalist history: the West, the Middle East and India in the nineteenth century     69
Historiography in a revolutionary age between 1789 and 1848     69
The political context     69
Romanticism and historiography     70
The impact of emergent nationalism on historiography     71
The relationship between professional scholarship and nationalism     73
The liberal reinterpretation of the Middle Ages     75
The colonial perspective and historiography     76
The decline of liberalism in historiography     77
Ideas of progress and of crisis     79
Hegel's philosophy of history     80
Nationalism and the transformation of Muslim historiography     82
The Muslim 'discovery' of Europe     82
Whose pharaohs? - (re)writing the history of Egypt     87
National identity and historical writing     91
Bridging the old and the new: the 'encyclopedists' and the 'neo-chroniclers'     95
Nationalism and the transformation of Indian historiography     97
Historiography during early colonialism     97
The new pedagogy and the emergence of a modern historical consciousness     100
Religious revivalism and the search for a glorious past     101
The birth of the rationalist paradigm     104
The birth of the nationalist paradigm     105
Nationalism, communalism and historical writing     107
Secular narratives and the emergence of economic nationalism     108
Academic history and the nineteenth-century shaping of the historical profession: transforming historical study in the West and in East Asia     117
The cult of science and the nation-state paradigm (1848-90)     117
The political context of historiography     117
The social context of historiography     119
The turn to 'scientific' history     119
The crisis of Confucian historiography and the establishment of the modern historical profession in East Asia     133
Accommodating the Western influence     134
Civilization and history: a new worldview     137
The interplay of the old and the new      139
George Zerffi, Ludwig Riess and the Rankean influence in Japan     141
Japan's 'Orient' and the changing of the Sinitic world     145
Historical writings in the shadow of two world wars: the crisis of historicism and modern historiography     157
The reorientation of historical studies and historical thought (1890-1914)     157
The changing political and cultural climate     157
The challenge to traditional historiography     158
The existential crisis of modern civilization     171
Historiography between two world wars (1918-39)     172
The historians in World War I     172
The critique of rationality and modernity and the defenders of the enlightenment     175
The appeal of nationalist history around the world: historical studies in the Middle East and Asia in the twentieth century     194
Ottomanism, Turkism and Egyptianization: nationalist history in the Middle East     194
The rise of modern education     194
Writing Turkish history in/for modern Turkey     197
The Egyptianization of historical writing     201
Academic history and national politics     207
Nationalism, scientism, and Marxism: modern historiography in East and South East Asia     208
'New historiography' in China      209
The tension between national history and scientific history     213
Modifying the Rankean model: national history in Japan     217
Myth and history: in search of the origin of the Korean nation     221
War and revolution: the appeal of Marxist historiography     224
Nationalist historiography in modern India     227
Late nineteenth-century antecedents: romantic nationalism     227
The role of religion in nationalist historiography     230
The nation as history and history as science     232
The romance of the local and the emergence of alternative narratives     234
The nation re-imagined: the Nehruvian synthesis     237
Post-independence historiography: old and new trajectories     238
Towards a social science history     241
New challenges in the post-war period: from social history to postmodernism and postcolonialism     250
The Cold War and the emergence of the new world order     250
Varieties of social history (1945-68/70) in the West     251
The United States: from consensus to the New Left     252
France: the Annales     256
Germany: from Historismus to a critical historical social science     262
Marxist historiography between orthodoxy and new directions      266
The 1970s and 1980s: the cultural turn and postmodernism     270
From social science history to the cultural turn     270
Micro-history, the history of everyday life, and historical anthropology     275
Oral history and the history of memory     277
The 'history workshop' movement     278
Feminist and gender history     279
Postcolonialism     281
The Subaltern Studies     284
Latin America: from Dependencia theory to Subaltern Studies     290
The emergence of modern historiography in-Sub-Saharan Africa     295
Postmodernism and the linguistic turn     301
The rise of Islamism and the ebb of Marxism: historical writings in late twentieth-century Asia and the Middle East     317
The ebb and flow of Marxist historiography in East and South East Asia     317
Reinventing Japan: post-war reform of historical education and writing     317
The dominance of Marxist historiography in the People's Republic of China     320
Challenges to Marxist historiography and Eurocentrism     325
Between Marxism and nationalism: academic history in Vietnam     327
The resurgence of national history     329
The Annales School, postmodernism and new changes in Japanese historiography      331
China's search for alternatives to Marxist historiography     334
Islamism and Islamic historiography: the Cold War and beyond     337
Globalizing Islamic historiography     337
The interplay of history and historiography     339
Edward Said and the critique of Orientalism     342
The appeal of Marxism and socialism     344
The Islamic revival: Islamism and nationalism     348
History and politics: the challenges to nationalist historiography     351
Historiography after the Cold War, 1990-2007: a critical retrospect     364
The globalization of the world     364
The reorientation of historical studies     367
The cultural and the linguistic turn     368
Feminist and gender history     371
Redefining the alliance between history and the social sciences     375
New challenges to nationalist history     380
World history, global History and history of globalization     387
Glossary     402
Further reading     410
Index     425