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Beautiful Minds: The Parallel Lives of Great Apes and Dolphins Hardcover – April 30, 2008
Apes and dolphins: primates and cetaceans. Could any creatures appear to be more different? Yet both are large-brained intelligent mammals with complex communication and social interaction. In the first book to study apes and dolphins side by side, Maddalena Bearzi and Craig B. Stanford, a dolphin biologist and a primatologist who have spent their careers studying these animals in the wild, combine their insights with compelling results. Beautiful Minds explains how and why apes and dolphins are so distantly related yet so cognitively alike and what this teaches us about another large-brained mammal: Homo sapiens.
Noting that apes and dolphins have had no common ancestor in nearly 100 million years, Bearzi and Stanford describe the parallel evolution that gave rise to their intelligence. And they closely observe that intelligence in action, in the territorial grassland and rainforest communities of chimpanzees and other apes, and in groups of dolphins moving freely through open coastal waters. The authors detail their subjects’ ability to develop family bonds, form alliances, and care for their young. They offer an understanding of their culture, politics, social structure, personality, and capacity for emotion. The resulting dual portrait—with striking overlaps in behavior—is key to understanding the nature of “beautiful minds.”
- Print length368 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherHarvard University Press
- Publication dateApril 30, 2008
- Dimensions6 x 1.25 x 7.5 inches
- ISBN-100674027817
- ISBN-13978-0674027817
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Review
To see the world from someone else's point of view is hard enough but how much harder when that viewpoint is that of a marine dweller with flippers or an ape whose cognition is based on leaf-centered survival in a rainforest? Hand-signed chimp communications and distinguishing imitation from emulation are two of the topics covered here, the first book to investigate the lives of the dolphins and apes in parallel. It explains why both have big brains and, as far as possible, what it must be like to be them. Fascinating.
--Adrian Barnett (New Scientist 2008-04-26)
Delightful...By the time I reached the final chapter of Beautiful Minds I was so charmed that I felt compelled to read on. Bearzi and Stanford's book has the capacity to delight, entertain, educate, evoke compassion and, I hope, galvanize people into action.
--Debbie Custance (Times Higher Education Supplement 2008-05-22)
Dolphin specialist Bearzi and primatologist Stanford team up in this discussion of the qualities of two species of mammal endowed with remarkably large brains. Among explications of the cultures, politics and emotion of the animals, the authors also make a resounding plea for conserving the ecosystems of these complex creatures.
--Elizabeth Abbott (Globe and Mail 2008-08-30)
About the Author
Maddalena Bearzi is the President and Co-founder of the Ocean Conservation Society and is a visiting scholar in the Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, at the University of California, Los Angeles. She has studied dolphins and whales in California and different parts of the world.
Craig B. Stanford is Professor in the Departments of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at the University of Southern California.
Product details
- Publisher : Harvard University Press; First Edition (April 30, 2008)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 368 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674027817
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674027817
- Item Weight : 12.8 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 1.25 x 7.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,740,196 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #283 in Primatology
- #726 in Marine Biology (Books)
- #774 in Mammal Zoology
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors
Dr. Craig Stanford is a well-known expert on the behavior, ecology and conservation of primates and other animals, and on the biological roots of human behavior. He is Professor of Biological Sciences and Anthropology at the University of Southern California. Stanford has conducted field research on primates, especially our close relatives the chimpanzee and mountain gorilla, and other animals for more than 30 years in Africa and Asia. He is known for his research on chimpanzee in collaboration with Jane Goodall, and for his work on the ecological relationship between chimpanzee and gorillas in forests where the two apes occur together. He is also a reptile biologist and Chair of the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, and has conducted or supervised studies of turtles and tortoises in Asia and Latin America. He has been the recipient of numerous grants and awards for both his research and writing, and is a frequent guest on radio and tv.
Stanford is the author of 175 scholarly and popular articles on animal behavior and human nature topics, including the widely used text book Biological Anthropology. Stanford has recently published Unnatural Habitat (Heyday Books 2024) about the ecosystem of Southern California, and The New Chimpanzee (Harvard University Press 2018) about the race against extinction for the great apes. He also has a forthcoming book, The Turtle Crisis, about the threats to the survival of the world's turtles and tortoises.
Maddalena Bearzi graduated from the University of Padova, Italy, with a degree in Natural Science and later received a Ph.D. in Biology and a Postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, Los Angeles. Since 1990, Maddalena has been involved in studying the ecology of marine mammals and sea turtles with a strong conservation bias. She has worked on diverse research and educational projects around the world. Among these projects, she organized and conducted the Yucatan Programs (Rio Lagartos and El Palmar Reserves, Mexico), two long-term investigations on local dolphins and sea turtles. In 1996, Maddalena founded the Los Angeles Dolphin Project in California, the first comprehensive marine mammal study ever conducted in L.A. waters. Under Maddalena's directorship, the LADP has become one of the longest running dolphin studies in California and the source of many scientific and conservation publications and collaborations. In 1998, she co-founded Ocean Conservation Society taking the position of President, where she combined her skills as a marine biologist with her experience as an active environmentalist. She has a strong academic background in Marine Biology, Ecology, and Marine Mammal Conservation combined with twenty plus years of field research experience, and five years of teaching experience at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Maddalena has a broad experience as a writer, journalist and television reporter - she has written three books and over 350 articles for local and national publications on science, nature, and travel -. Her work and books have been covered, among others, by CNN, KPCC, PRI, CBS2/KCAL9, NBC4, Hallmark Channel, Los Angeles Times, New Scientist, American Scientist. Maddalena is also a blogger for the National Geographic NewsWatch and the Huffington Post.
In 1998, she has published the book "Beautiful Minds: The Parallel Lives of Great Apes and Dolphins", written in collaboration with Dr. Craig Stanford for Harvard University Press (now available in paperback). Her most recent book "Dolphin Confidential: Confessions of a Field Biologist" has been published by Chicago University Press (2012). She currently lives in Los Angeles with her husband and dog, working on a new book.
Further information on her conservation work and outreach public efforts can be found at http://www.oceanconservation.org.
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The answer lies in the development of the brain and adaptations to the surrounding environments of each of the species involved. Chimpanzees have adapted to forest life in one way, while gorillas another. The same can be said for dolphins as opposed to orcas and other cetacean species.
This book is an eloquently written look into the minds of the great apes, the cetaceans when compared to humans. It manages to enlighten while being highly entertaining and avoiding the trap of anthropomorphism that is so common when comparing animal species to humans. I would highly recommend this book to all, with the exception of staunch creationists, as it will make you look at dolphins and apes in an entirely new light.
This approach is immediately complicated by the fact the humans, bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all have different social structures and reproductive strategies; there are also differences within the dolphin family. (It was not always clear to me whether the focus of the narrative is strictly dolphins or, more broadly, toothed whales. And there are references to the entire whale family.) Longer books have been written just to address differences between the great apes, so this strategy proves very thin in drawing parallels between two diverse families with diverse behaviors. Often, the parallels are drawn between bottlenose dolphins and chimps. But other comparisons are made when they appear to support the thesis of "parallel lives".
Individually, the two narratives are well written, engrossing, and serve as good overviews to two fascinating families of highly evolved and generally social mammals. (There are book-length treatments of each family with considerably more detail than provided in this book.) There is some overreach in their arguments about intelligence. For example, a story of a mother dolphin teaching her calf adult dolphin skills is touching, but other, presumably less intelligent mammals, get similar training from their mothers.
While succeeding with their argument that both apes and dolphins are among the more intelligent animals, the authors are not as successful in arguing for parallels in behavior, nor for uniqueness of capability. Without the argument of parallel social behavior, it is difficult to argue for similar intelligence (in quantity or form of expression) between apes and dolphins. And uniqueness is brought into question by other animals mentioned and not.
The authors mention elephants a couple of times, but only to acknowledge, without examining them, that they also have highly evolved social structures, and may be very intelligent. Looking further afield, the authors briefly mention research into neocortex ratio (the ratio of the volume of the neocortex to the volume of the more primitive parts of the brain) and social group size (and, presumably, intelligence) among primates. This ratio is also large in some monkeys, dolphins, and elephants. (There appears to be an overlap, in brain capacity and behavior, between the "smartest" monkeys and apes.) But some species of bears are reported to have neocortex ratios similar to gorillas. While clearly clever, bears are not notably social (although the same could be said of orangutans). Intelligence is a broad and complex topic, and appears to exceed either the grasp or interest of the authors.
Pleas for protecting apes and dolphins and their habitats conclude the book. While supported by the individual narratives, and a sentiment that I agree with, this ending does little to pull together the premise of the book. There may be many animals with "beautiful minds", but the case that great apes and dolphins have "parallel lives" is not proven by this book.
I do feel that I should qualify my comments, however. For someone who is a novice to the question of animal consciousness this book could be a good introduction. It is pleasant to read and examines two interesting species that capture our imagination.
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