List Books » The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume I: The Peoples of God
Authors: F. E. Peters
ISBN-13: 9780691123721, ISBN-10: 0691123721
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Date Published: July 2005
Edition: 1st Edition
F. E. Peters is Professor of Middle Eastern Studies, Hebrew and Judaic Studies, and History at New York University. His books include "Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians"; "Judaism, Christianity, and Islam"; and "The Children of Abraham" (all Princeton).
"Goethe said: 'As students of nature we are pantheists, as poets polytheists, as moral beings monotheists.' F. E. Peters's The Monotheists gives a keener edge to Goethe's irony, and he teaches us again the 'conflict and competition' between Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Throughout his career, Peters has been our most comprehensive scholar of the agon waged by the three camps with one another. In The Monotheists he achieves the apotheosis of his enterprise, defining precisely this 'fractious family' in all its contours. The perpetual relevance of Peters's lifelong subject is heightened at our moment in history."--Harold Bloom, author of The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages
"A work of breathtaking scope! Many scholars write about Judaism and Christianity, or Judaism and Islam, or Islam and Christianity, but only F. E. Peters has the learning, adventurousness, and historical imagination to take on all three religions in relation to one another within the scope of one book. Written in a clear expository prose, these volumes will be an invaluable resource for students and teachers, diplomats and statesmen, journalists and pundits on the vexing religious topics that today seem an inevitable part of political life and social discourse."--Robert Louis Wilken, author of The Spirit of Early Christian Thought
"F. E. Peters has written a magisterial account of the family similarities and quarrels through the centuries of the three biblical religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In these two volumes, he is at once, as always, vastly learned and at the top of his form as an entertaining and persuasive writer. This work will immediately take its place as the standard account of the Hebrew Bible and its reflection in the Talmud, the New Testament, and the Koran."--Arthur Hertzberg, author of Jews: The Essence and Character of a People
"An authoritative introduction to the study of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, The Monothesists will be especially useful for students in religious studies courses. To the initiates it offers an impressive original synthesis of the material and a challenging reading of important chapters in religious history. Written in clear, fluent prose, the book is never verbose, and its underlying structure is easy to follow."--Sarah Stroumsa, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, author of Freethinkers of Medieval Islam
"The Monotheists is a splendid work. It will be valuable as a classroom text on the three 'Western' monotheistic religious traditions, and it will also appeal to more general readers who seek to investigate the historical background to the present events in the Middle East. Previous such comparative studies are flawed by comparison."--Richard C. Martin, Emory University, author of Defenders of Reason in Islam
Historian Peters (The Children of Abraham) has long been an astute and objective chronicler of the history and beliefs of the three great monotheistic religions-Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In this sprawling, majestic and elegant narrative, he offers the best study we presently have of the ways, words and wisdom of these religions. With straightforward prose and evenhanded examination, Peters devotes Volume 1 to an historical overview of the Abrahamic faiths, tracing each religion from its earliest expressions to the 17th century. Although he devotes separate chapters to each religion, Peters often points out the similarities and differences among them. For example, Islam honors Jesus, Ishmael and Isaac as prophets, but does not accord them the same status as either Christianity or Judaism. The greatest similarity, he points out, is the drive in both Christianity and Islam to gain new members though conversion. In his second volume, Peters focuses on the various beliefs and practices of each religion, examining the canonization and interpretation of scripture, scripture and tradition, God's law and its observance, worship, ethics and eschatology. In this volume, he also investigates the traditions of mysticism and monasticism that arose in each religion. Throughout the book, he includes boxed notes for historical asides or to explain terminology. Peters's magnificent book is the new place to turn for a first-rate historical introduction to these three religions. (Nov.) Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.
Preface | xv | |
Introduction | xix | |
1. | The Covenant: From Israelite to Jew | 1 |
A Prologue on Earth | 1 | |
The Quran's Account of Early Humanity | 1 | |
History Begins | 2 | |
Faith and Act | 3 | |
A Holy Land | 4 | |
Hagar and Ishmael | 5 | |
Ishmaelites and Arabs | 6 | |
Abraham in Mecca | 8 | |
Hebron | 8 | |
Isaac and the Covenant | 9 | |
Claims and Counterclaims | 10 | |
Jacob's Dream at Bethel | 11 | |
The Name(s) and Nature of God | 12 | |
The Builder Kings | 14 | |
The Temple as Haram | 15 | |
The Sanctity of Jerusalem | 17 | |
A Troubled Legacy | 22 | |
The Samaritan Schism | 23 | |
The Voice of the Prophets | 23 | |
A Harsh Theodicy and an Uncertain Future | 24 | |
Judaea and Ioudaioi | 26 | |
The Passage of Power and Prestige | 27 | |
Second Temple Sectarianism | 29 | |
Words and the Word of Wisdom | 33 | |
A Cure for Transcendence? | 34 | |
The Harvest of Hellenism | 35 | |
Jews in Diaspora | 37 | |
The World of God | 39 | |
Personification and Hypostatization | 40 | |
Satan from Prince of Darkness to Desert Demon | 41 | |
Apocalypticism: Unveiling the End | 42 | |
A Message of Hope | 43 | |
Second Temple Messianism | 44 | |
The Son of Man | 44 | |
2. | The Good News of Jesus | 47 |
The Dossier on Jesus | 47 | |
The Historical Jesus and the Christ of History | 48 | |
The Gospels | 49 | |
Luke and History | 50 | |
Jesus: A Life | 52 | |
Born Again | 53 | |
The Ministry | 53 | |
The Last Days | 55 | |
The End and the Beginning | 57 | |
Jesus the Messiah | 58 | |
Jesus in the Quran | 58 | |
The Jewish and the Muslim Jesus | 61 | |
The Kingdom | 63 | |
After the Crucifixion | 63 | |
Saul/Paul | 64 | |
Paul's Jesus | 65 | |
The Resurrection | 66 | |
Christology | 68 | |
Ebionites and Docetists | 68 | |
The Apostle of the Gentiles | 70 | |
Paul and Judaism | 72 | |
Jewish Christianity | 73 | |
Judaizers | 75 | |
Paul: Jerusalem to Rome | 76 | |
The Great War and Its Aftermath | 77 | |
Earthly Messiahs | 79 | |
Later Jewish Messiahs | 80 | |
Sabbatai Zvi | 81 | |
3. | Muhammad the Prophet of God | 83 |
The Muhammad of History | 84 | |
When God Speaks | 84 | |
Hagiography and History | 85 | |
Mecca and Its Gods | 85 | |
The Meccan Haram | 86 | |
The Kaaba | 88 | |
Muhammad: A Life | 89 | |
The Message of Islam | 90 | |
Sacred History | 91 | |
The Bible and the Quran | 92 | |
The Opposition | 93 | |
The "Satanic Verses" | 94 | |
Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension | 95 | |
Boycott | 96 | |
The Hegira | 97 | |
Medina | 98 | |
The Medina Accords | 99 | |
Muhammad and the Jews | 100 | |
The Religion of Abraham | 102 | |
The Master of Medina (624-628) | 103 | |
The Practice of Islam | 105 | |
Muhammad and the Jews (continued) | 106 | |
The Lord of Arabia (628-632) | 107 | |
Muhammad and the Jews (concluded) | 108 | |
The Wives and Children of the Prophet | 109 | |
The Opening of Mecca | 111 | |
Problems before and after Tabuk | 113 | |
The Last Years (631-632) | 114 | |
Muhammad and Jesus: Some Points of Comparison | 116 | |
The Career of Mecca | 118 | |
4. | A Kingdom of Priests | 120 |
Identity Markers | 121 | |
In and Out | 122 | |
Kinship and Covenant | 122 | |
"Be You Holy As I Am Holy" | 123 | |
What Is a Jew? | 124 | |
Conversion and Clientage | 125 | |
Becoming a Christian | 126 | |
"Jew and Greek" | 127 | |
Religious Tolerance: The Romans on Jews and Christians | 128 | |
The World Turns Christian | 130 | |
Religious Tolerance: Christians on Pagans and Jews | 131 | |
The Need of Baptism, and of the Church | 132 | |
Augustine and the Donatists | 133 | |
Consensual and Coerced Conversion | 135 | |
The Jews of Western Christendom | 137 | |
The Talmud on Trial | 139 | |
Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Spain | 140 | |
The Christian War on Islam: Peter the Venerable and Ramon Lull | 142 | |
What of the Infidels? | 145 | |
Muslims, Christians ... and Other Christians in the Balkans | 147 | |
Naming the Others | 150 | |
The Making of a Muslim | 151 | |
An Arab, and Arabic, Islam | 152 | |
Islam and the Associators: The Hindu Case | 154 | |
5. | Orthodoxy and Heresy | 157 |
In Search of Jewish Orthodoxy | 157 | |
Exclusion and Banishment | 158 | |
The Separation of the Christians | 160 | |
Easter | 162 | |
Defining the Truth | 163 | |
Reaching for Orthodoxy: The Fundamental Principles of Jewish and Muslim Belief | 165 | |
Heresy in the Early Churches | 167 | |
Gnosticism | 169 | |
The Rule of Faith | 171 | |
Heresy, Witchcraft, and Reform | 172 | |
The Church of the Saints: The Cathars | 175 | |
The Albigensian Crusade | 176 | |
The Holy War against Heresy | 177 | |
The Secular Tribunal | 178 | |
Sleeping with the Enemy | 179 | |
The Spanish Inquisition | 181 | |
Who Possesses the Truth? | 183 | |
Papal Heresy | 185 | |
The Umma Divided: Sects and Sectarianism in Early Islam | 186 | |
Heresiography and Comparative Religion | 187 | |
Innovation and Heresy | 188 | |
Taking the Measure of Early Islamic Sectarians | 189 | |
Defining the Umma: The Sunni View of Islam | 191 | |
Sunnis and Shiites | 192 | |
The Zindiq Inquisition | 194 | |
The Enemy Within: Ibn Taymiyya | 194 | |
Fundamentalists as the Faithful Remnant | 196 | |
Catholic Judaism | 197 | |
Shades of Black: Orthodox Judaism | 198 | |
6. | Community and Authority | 202 |
A People Called Israel | 202 | |
A Kingdom Called Israel | 203 | |
After the Exile | 204 | |
Zionism | 205 | |
A New Political Order | 206 | |
Patriarch and Exilarch | 207 | |
The Geonim | 208 | |
Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews | 209 | |
The Christian Ekklesia | 210 | |
Bishops and Priests | 211 | |
Hierarchy and Structure | 213 | |
Councils of Bishops, Local and Ecumenical | 215 | |
The Laity | 215 | |
The Primacy of Rome | 217 | |
Western and Eastern Christianity and Christendom | 219 | |
The Competition for Souls | 220 | |
Pope, Patriarch, and the Bulgarian Church | 221 | |
The Parting of the Ways, East and West | 223 | |
A Misbegotten Crusade | 224 | |
Church Reunion | 225 | |
A Papal Crisis: Celestine and Boniface | 226 | |
The Popes without Rome: Avignon | 228 | |
The Great Western Schism | 229 | |
Pisa and Constance | 230 | |
Conciliarism | 231 | |
The Papacy under Attack: Marsiglio of Padua and William of Ockham | 232 | |
The Voice of the Council: Haec sancta and Frequens | 233 | |
The Emperor and the Pope | 234 | |
"Better the Turban of the Turk ..." | 235 | |
Moscow, the Third Rome | 236 | |
Reformation and Counter-Reformation | 237 | |
The Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists | 238 | |
The Confessional Churches | 239 | |
7. | Church and State: Popes, Patriarchs, and Emperors | 240 |
The Jewish Experience: From State to Church | 240 | |
"Render to Caesar ..." | 243 | |
The Christians and the Empire | 245 | |
The Persecutions | 245 | |
Constantine | 247 | |
The Contest Begins: Ambrose and the Emperor | 248 | |
The City of God and the City of Man | 249 | |
"Two There Are ..." | 251 | |
How the Pope Became a Prince | 252 | |
The College of Cardinals and the Roman Curia | 254 | |
How the Prince Became a Priest | 255 | |
Rome Redivivus: The Holy Roman Empire | 257 | |
The Two Swords: Gregory VII and Henry IV | 258 | |
The Papacy versus Frederick II | 259 | |
The Reformation as Political Event | 261 | |
Luther and the Princes | 263 | |
Calvin's Two Kingdoms | 264 | |
Church and State in the Counter-Reformation | 265 | |
The Papal States | 265 | |
8. | The Church as the State: The Islamic Community | 268 |
The Umma | 268 | |
Holy War: The Islamic Case | 269 | |
War and Religion: The Jewish and Christian Cases | 272 | |
Dhimma and Dhimmis | 273 | |
Muslim Dhimmis in Christian Spain | 275 | |
Conversion by Levy: The Devshirme | 276 | |
The Millet System | 277 | |
The Caliphate | 278 | |
The Powers of the Caliph (and Others) | 279 | |
Tensions in the Community | 280 | |
Ali ibn Abi Talib (601-661) | 281 | |
The Succession | 282 | |
The Umayyads (r. 661-750) | 283 | |
The Holy Family: Ahl al-Bayt | 284 | |
The Abbasids (r. 750-1258) | 285 | |
From Alidism to Shiism | 287 | |
The Shiite Imamate | 287 | |
Sunnis and Shiites | 289 | |
The Hidden Imam | 290 | |
Political Ismailism: The Fatimids | 291 | |
Apocalyptic Ismailism--The Quarmatians | 294 | |
The Sultanate | 295 | |
The Ottomans and a Universal Caliphate | 296 | |
The End of the Caliphate | 298 | |
Iran as a Shiite State | 299 | |
The Shiite Ulama and the State | 301 | |
The Islamic Republic of Iran | 302 | |
An Early Modern Christian Theocracy: Reform Geneva | 303 | |
End Thoughts | 307 | |
Civics and Civility | 308 | |
Capital and Other Crimes | 309 | |
Making Jews | 310 | |
Making Christians | 310 | |
Making Muslims | 311 | |
A Crucial Difference | 312 | |
Index | 313 |