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The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume I: The Peoples of God » (1st Edition)

Book cover image of The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume I: The Peoples of God by F. E. Peters

Authors: F. E. Peters
ISBN-13: 9780691123721, ISBN-10: 0691123721
Format: Paperback
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Date Published: July 2005
Edition: 1st Edition

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Author Biography: F. E. Peters

F. E. Peters is Professor of Middle Eastern Studies, Hebrew and Judaic Studies, and History at New York University. His books include "Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians"; "Judaism, Christianity, and Islam"; and "The Children of Abraham" (all Princeton).

Book Synopsis

"Goethe said: 'As students of nature we are pantheists, as poets polytheists, as moral beings monotheists.' F. E. Peters's The Monotheists gives a keener edge to Goethe's irony, and he teaches us again the 'conflict and competition' between Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Throughout his career, Peters has been our most comprehensive scholar of the agon waged by the three camps with one another. In The Monotheists he achieves the apotheosis of his enterprise, defining precisely this 'fractious family' in all its contours. The perpetual relevance of Peters's lifelong subject is heightened at our moment in history."--Harold Bloom, author of The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages

"A work of breathtaking scope! Many scholars write about Judaism and Christianity, or Judaism and Islam, or Islam and Christianity, but only F. E. Peters has the learning, adventurousness, and historical imagination to take on all three religions in relation to one another within the scope of one book. Written in a clear expository prose, these volumes will be an invaluable resource for students and teachers, diplomats and statesmen, journalists and pundits on the vexing religious topics that today seem an inevitable part of political life and social discourse."--Robert Louis Wilken, author of The Spirit of Early Christian Thought

"F. E. Peters has written a magisterial account of the family similarities and quarrels through the centuries of the three biblical religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In these two volumes, he is at once, as always, vastly learned and at the top of his form as an entertaining and persuasive writer. This work will immediately take its place as the standard account of the Hebrew Bible and its reflection in the Talmud, the New Testament, and the Koran."--Arthur Hertzberg, author of Jews: The Essence and Character of a People

"An authoritative introduction to the study of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, The Monothesists will be especially useful for students in religious studies courses. To the initiates it offers an impressive original synthesis of the material and a challenging reading of important chapters in religious history. Written in clear, fluent prose, the book is never verbose, and its underlying structure is easy to follow."--Sarah Stroumsa, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, author of Freethinkers of Medieval Islam

"The Monotheists is a splendid work. It will be valuable as a classroom text on the three 'Western' monotheistic religious traditions, and it will also appeal to more general readers who seek to investigate the historical background to the present events in the Middle East. Previous such comparative studies are flawed by comparison."--Richard C. Martin, Emory University, author of Defenders of Reason in Islam

Publishers Weekly

Historian Peters (The Children of Abraham) has long been an astute and objective chronicler of the history and beliefs of the three great monotheistic religions-Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In this sprawling, majestic and elegant narrative, he offers the best study we presently have of the ways, words and wisdom of these religions. With straightforward prose and evenhanded examination, Peters devotes Volume 1 to an historical overview of the Abrahamic faiths, tracing each religion from its earliest expressions to the 17th century. Although he devotes separate chapters to each religion, Peters often points out the similarities and differences among them. For example, Islam honors Jesus, Ishmael and Isaac as prophets, but does not accord them the same status as either Christianity or Judaism. The greatest similarity, he points out, is the drive in both Christianity and Islam to gain new members though conversion. In his second volume, Peters focuses on the various beliefs and practices of each religion, examining the canonization and interpretation of scripture, scripture and tradition, God's law and its observance, worship, ethics and eschatology. In this volume, he also investigates the traditions of mysticism and monasticism that arose in each religion. Throughout the book, he includes boxed notes for historical asides or to explain terminology. Peters's magnificent book is the new place to turn for a first-rate historical introduction to these three religions. (Nov.) Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.

Table of Contents

Prefacexv
Introductionxix
1.The Covenant: From Israelite to Jew1
A Prologue on Earth1
The Quran's Account of Early Humanity1
History Begins2
Faith and Act3
A Holy Land4
Hagar and Ishmael5
Ishmaelites and Arabs6
Abraham in Mecca8
Hebron8
Isaac and the Covenant9
Claims and Counterclaims10
Jacob's Dream at Bethel11
The Name(s) and Nature of God12
The Builder Kings14
The Temple as Haram15
The Sanctity of Jerusalem17
A Troubled Legacy22
The Samaritan Schism23
The Voice of the Prophets23
A Harsh Theodicy and an Uncertain Future24
Judaea and Ioudaioi26
The Passage of Power and Prestige27
Second Temple Sectarianism29
Words and the Word of Wisdom33
A Cure for Transcendence?34
The Harvest of Hellenism35
Jews in Diaspora37
The World of God39
Personification and Hypostatization40
Satan from Prince of Darkness to Desert Demon41
Apocalypticism: Unveiling the End42
A Message of Hope43
Second Temple Messianism44
The Son of Man44
2.The Good News of Jesus47
The Dossier on Jesus47
The Historical Jesus and the Christ of History48
The Gospels49
Luke and History50
Jesus: A Life52
Born Again53
The Ministry53
The Last Days55
The End and the Beginning57
Jesus the Messiah58
Jesus in the Quran58
The Jewish and the Muslim Jesus61
The Kingdom63
After the Crucifixion63
Saul/Paul64
Paul's Jesus65
The Resurrection66
Christology68
Ebionites and Docetists68
The Apostle of the Gentiles70
Paul and Judaism72
Jewish Christianity73
Judaizers75
Paul: Jerusalem to Rome76
The Great War and Its Aftermath77
Earthly Messiahs79
Later Jewish Messiahs80
Sabbatai Zvi81
3.Muhammad the Prophet of God83
The Muhammad of History84
When God Speaks84
Hagiography and History85
Mecca and Its Gods85
The Meccan Haram86
The Kaaba88
Muhammad: A Life89
The Message of Islam90
Sacred History91
The Bible and the Quran92
The Opposition93
The "Satanic Verses"94
Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension95
Boycott96
The Hegira97
Medina98
The Medina Accords99
Muhammad and the Jews100
The Religion of Abraham102
The Master of Medina (624-628)103
The Practice of Islam105
Muhammad and the Jews (continued)106
The Lord of Arabia (628-632)107
Muhammad and the Jews (concluded)108
The Wives and Children of the Prophet109
The Opening of Mecca111
Problems before and after Tabuk113
The Last Years (631-632)114
Muhammad and Jesus: Some Points of Comparison116
The Career of Mecca118
4.A Kingdom of Priests120
Identity Markers121
In and Out122
Kinship and Covenant122
"Be You Holy As I Am Holy"123
What Is a Jew?124
Conversion and Clientage125
Becoming a Christian126
"Jew and Greek"127
Religious Tolerance: The Romans on Jews and Christians128
The World Turns Christian130
Religious Tolerance: Christians on Pagans and Jews131
The Need of Baptism, and of the Church132
Augustine and the Donatists133
Consensual and Coerced Conversion135
The Jews of Western Christendom137
The Talmud on Trial139
Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Spain140
The Christian War on Islam: Peter the Venerable and Ramon Lull142
What of the Infidels?145
Muslims, Christians ... and Other Christians in the Balkans147
Naming the Others150
The Making of a Muslim151
An Arab, and Arabic, Islam152
Islam and the Associators: The Hindu Case154
5.Orthodoxy and Heresy157
In Search of Jewish Orthodoxy157
Exclusion and Banishment158
The Separation of the Christians160
Easter162
Defining the Truth163
Reaching for Orthodoxy: The Fundamental Principles of Jewish and Muslim Belief165
Heresy in the Early Churches167
Gnosticism169
The Rule of Faith171
Heresy, Witchcraft, and Reform172
The Church of the Saints: The Cathars175
The Albigensian Crusade176
The Holy War against Heresy177
The Secular Tribunal178
Sleeping with the Enemy179
The Spanish Inquisition181
Who Possesses the Truth?183
Papal Heresy185
The Umma Divided: Sects and Sectarianism in Early Islam186
Heresiography and Comparative Religion187
Innovation and Heresy188
Taking the Measure of Early Islamic Sectarians189
Defining the Umma: The Sunni View of Islam191
Sunnis and Shiites192
The Zindiq Inquisition194
The Enemy Within: Ibn Taymiyya194
Fundamentalists as the Faithful Remnant196
Catholic Judaism197
Shades of Black: Orthodox Judaism198
6.Community and Authority202
A People Called Israel202
A Kingdom Called Israel203
After the Exile204
Zionism205
A New Political Order206
Patriarch and Exilarch207
The Geonim208
Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews209
The Christian Ekklesia210
Bishops and Priests211
Hierarchy and Structure213
Councils of Bishops, Local and Ecumenical215
The Laity215
The Primacy of Rome217
Western and Eastern Christianity and Christendom219
The Competition for Souls220
Pope, Patriarch, and the Bulgarian Church221
The Parting of the Ways, East and West223
A Misbegotten Crusade224
Church Reunion225
A Papal Crisis: Celestine and Boniface226
The Popes without Rome: Avignon228
The Great Western Schism229
Pisa and Constance230
Conciliarism231
The Papacy under Attack: Marsiglio of Padua and William of Ockham232
The Voice of the Council: Haec sancta and Frequens233
The Emperor and the Pope234
"Better the Turban of the Turk ..."235
Moscow, the Third Rome236
Reformation and Counter-Reformation237
The Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists238
The Confessional Churches239
7.Church and State: Popes, Patriarchs, and Emperors240
The Jewish Experience: From State to Church240
"Render to Caesar ..."243
The Christians and the Empire245
The Persecutions245
Constantine247
The Contest Begins: Ambrose and the Emperor248
The City of God and the City of Man249
"Two There Are ..."251
How the Pope Became a Prince252
The College of Cardinals and the Roman Curia254
How the Prince Became a Priest255
Rome Redivivus: The Holy Roman Empire257
The Two Swords: Gregory VII and Henry IV258
The Papacy versus Frederick II259
The Reformation as Political Event261
Luther and the Princes263
Calvin's Two Kingdoms264
Church and State in the Counter-Reformation265
The Papal States265
8.The Church as the State: The Islamic Community268
The Umma268
Holy War: The Islamic Case269
War and Religion: The Jewish and Christian Cases272
Dhimma and Dhimmis273
Muslim Dhimmis in Christian Spain275
Conversion by Levy: The Devshirme276
The Millet System277
The Caliphate278
The Powers of the Caliph (and Others)279
Tensions in the Community280
Ali ibn Abi Talib (601-661)281
The Succession282
The Umayyads (r. 661-750)283
The Holy Family: Ahl al-Bayt284
The Abbasids (r. 750-1258)285
From Alidism to Shiism287
The Shiite Imamate287
Sunnis and Shiites289
The Hidden Imam290
Political Ismailism: The Fatimids291
Apocalyptic Ismailism--The Quarmatians294
The Sultanate295
The Ottomans and a Universal Caliphate296
The End of the Caliphate298
Iran as a Shiite State299
The Shiite Ulama and the State301
The Islamic Republic of Iran302
An Early Modern Christian Theocracy: Reform Geneva303
End Thoughts307
Civics and Civility308
Capital and Other Crimes309
Making Jews310
Making Christians310
Making Muslims311
A Crucial Difference312
Index313

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